Sultan of Kashmir Who Commissioned Mahabharata Translation

The question asks about the Sultan of Kashmir who commissioned the translation of the epic Mahabharata into the Persian language. This act of commissioning translations of important texts was a significant cultural and intellectual activity during the rule of certain Kashmir Sultans.

Identifying the Patron Sultan

Historical records indicate that the translation of the Mahabharata into Persian was a notable project undertaken during the reign of Sultan Zainul Abidin of Kashmir. He was known for his broadmindedness, tolerance, and significant patronage of arts, literature, and scholarship. He encouraged the translation of various works from languages like Sanskrit, Arabic, and Kashmiri into Persian and vice-versa.

Mullah Ahmad was the scholar specifically commissioned by Sultan Zainul Abidin for this important task of translating the Mahabharata into Persian.

Sultan Zainul Abidin's Reign and Cultural Contributions

Sultan Zainul Abidin, who ruled Kashmir in the 15th century, is often referred to as the 'Akbar of Kashmir' due to his progressive policies, religious tolerance, and encouragement of various crafts and learning. His reign saw a flourishing of intellectual activities, including:

• Patronage of scholars from different religious and cultural backgrounds.
• Commissioning translations of significant religious and literary texts.
• Revival of traditional crafts and introduction of new ones.
• Establishment of schools and libraries.

The translation of the Mahabharata into Persian under his direction is a prime example of his commitment to making knowledge accessible and fostering cultural exchange.

Analysis of Options

Let's briefly look at the options provided:

• Sultan Qutbuddin: Ruled before Zainul Abidin. While important, he is not primarily associated with this specific translation project.
• Sultan Sikandar: Known as 'Butshikan' (iconoclast), his reign was marked by less tolerance compared to Zainul Abidin. Cultural patronage was different during his time.
• Sultan Zainul Abidin: As discussed, he is well-documented as the ruler who commissioned the translation of the Mahabharata into Persian by Mullah Ahmad.
• Sultan Shihabuddin: Ruled before Sikandar and Zainul Abidin. Not credited with this specific translation project.

Based on historical accounts, Sultan Zainul Abidin is the correct answer.

Revision Table: Kashmir Sultans and Patronage

Additional Information: Cultural Translations in Kashmir

The practice of translating texts between different languages flourished in Kashmir under rulers like Sultan Zainul Abidin. This facilitated the exchange of ideas and knowledge between various cultural and religious groups living in the region. Apart from the Mahabharata, other works were also translated, contributing to the rich intellectual environment of the time. This era highlights the potential for cultural synthesis when rulers support diverse scholarly activities.