The question asks to identify the sociologist who made a significant distinction between the concepts of culture and civilization. Among the given options, Alfred Weber is prominently recognized for this specific differentiation.

Alfred Weber's Distinction Between Culture and Civilization

Alfred Weber (not to be confused with Max Weber) proposed a notable separation between culture and civilization in his sociological work:

• Culture, according to Weber's perspective, refers to the spiritual, intellectual, artistic, and value-laden aspects of human life. It encompasses the shared beliefs, norms, values, symbols, and meanings that characterize a particular group or society. Culture is often seen as the expression of a society's inner life and identity.
• Civilization, on the other hand, was defined by Weber as the more rational, utilitarian, and material aspects of human societal organization. It includes technological advancements, scientific knowledge, methods of production, economic systems, and political structures that facilitate human adaptation and control over the environment. Civilization is typically viewed as more universal and instrumental in its orientation.

Weber suggested that while civilization provides the external framework and tools for societal functioning, culture represents the deeper, often non-material, essence and meaning.

Contributions of Other Sociologists

While the other sociologists listed are highly influential figures in sociology, they are not primarily associated with making this specific conceptual distinction between culture and civilization in the way Alfred Weber did:

• Emile Durkheim focused on social facts, collective consciousness, and the integration of society.
• Marcel Mauss, Durkheim's nephew, extensively studied gift economies, social exchange, and the human body as a social phenomenon.
• Claude-Levi Strauss was a key figure in structural anthropology, known for his work on kinship systems and mythology, analyzing underlying structures in human thought and culture.

Therefore, Alfred Weber is the correct answer as he is specifically noted for drawing a clear line between the spiritual/value-oriented 'culture' and the material/utilitarian 'civilization'.