Who among the following built Mandu as his capital?
Hoshang Shah
Understanding the Rulers of Mandu and Malwa Sultanate
The question asks about the ruler who established Mandu as his capital. Mandu, historically known as Mandava, is an ancient city located in the Malwa region of present-day Madhya Pradesh, India. It served as the capital of the Malwa Sultanate for a significant period.
Who Built Mandu as Capital? Analyzing the Options
Let's examine the options provided to determine who among them made Mandu their capital:
- Dilawar Khan: Dilawar Khan Ghuri was the founder of the Malwa Sultanate. While he started building and developing Mandu, he primarily ruled from Dhar initially before shifting his focus to Mandu. However, it was his successor who fully established it as the capital.
- Hoshang Shah: Hoshang Shah, whose original name was Alp Khan, was the son of Dilawar Khan. He succeeded his father and is widely credited with consolidating the Malwa Sultanate and significantly developing Mandu. He officially declared Mandu as his capital and constructed many important buildings there, including Hoshang Shah's Tomb, which is considered the first marble tomb in India.
- Mir Jafar: Mir Jafar was a military general who served the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daulah, and later became the Nawab himself with the support of the British East India Company. He is associated with Bengal, not the Malwa Sultanate or Mandu.
- Bahman Shah: Bahman Shah, also known as Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah, was the founder of the Bahmani Sultanate in the Deccan region of India. His capital was initially Gulbarga and later Bidar. He is not associated with Mandu or the Malwa Sultanate.
Hoshang Shah's Contribution to Mandu Capital
Hoshang Shah played a crucial role in making Mandu the grand capital city it became known for. He ruled from 1406 to 1435 CE and transformed Mandu into a well-fortified and architecturally significant city. His reign marked the zenith of the Malwa Sultanate based out of Mandu.
Comparing the roles:
| Ruler | Association with Mandu/Capital |
|---|---|
| Dilawar Khan | Founder of Malwa Sultanate, began developing Mandu. |
| Hoshang Shah | Son and successor of Dilawar Khan, officially made Mandu the capital, significantly developed the city. |
| Mir Jafar | Ruler in Bengal. No connection to Mandu. |
| Bahman Shah | Founder of Bahmani Sultanate in Deccan. No connection to Mandu. |
Based on historical accounts, Hoshang Shah is the ruler who consolidated Mandu as the principal capital of the Malwa Sultanate and is most associated with its development as a major royal seat.
Revision Table: Key Figures
| Figure | Key Role/Associated Region |
|---|---|
| Dilawar Khan Ghuri | Founder of Malwa Sultanate |
| Hoshang Shah (Alp Khan) | Consolidated Malwa Sultanate, made Mandu the capital |
| Mir Jafar | Nawab of Bengal supported by British |
| Bahman Shah (Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah) | Founder of Bahmani Sultanate (Deccan) |
Additional Information on Mandu and Malwa
Mandu's strategic location atop a plateau made it an ideal defensive site. Its history dates back centuries, but it gained prominence under the Malwa Sultanate.
- The Malwa Sultanate was an independent kingdom founded in the late 14th century.
- Mandu is famous for its Afghan architecture, featuring structures like the Jahaz Mahal, Hindola Mahal, Jami Masjid, and Hoshang Shah's Tomb.
- After the Ghurid dynasty (founded by Dilawar Khan and Hoshang Shah), the Khilji dynasty took over the Malwa Sultanate.
- Mandu was eventually conquered by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1562 CE.
Understanding the timeline and key rulers associated with different regions of India during the medieval period is crucial for historical studies.
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