Understanding Water-Logging

Water-logging occurs when the soil becomes saturated with water, leading to a rise in the groundwater table close to the surface. This condition hinders plant growth and soil aeration.

Analyzing Causes of Water-Logging

Several factors contribute to water-logging. Let's examine the options provided:

• Excess rainfall: Heavy or prolonged rainfall can saturate the soil faster than it can drain, leading to water-logging. This is a direct cause.
• Frequent irrigation: Applying water to the land frequently, especially without adequate drainage, increases the soil moisture content. Over-irrigation is a significant cause of water-logging.
• High water table: When the groundwater level is naturally close to the surface, the soil has limited capacity to absorb additional water, making water-logging more likely. This is a key contributing factor.
• Excess tapping of the ground water: This involves pumping out groundwater from aquifers. The process of tapping groundwater actively lowers the water table. Lowering the water table reduces the risk of water-logging, rather than causing it.

Identifying the Non-Cause

Based on the analysis:

• Excess rainfall contributes to water-logging.
• Frequent irrigation contributes to water-logging.
• A high water table is a condition that facilitates water-logging.
• Excess tapping of groundwater reduces the water table and mitigates water-logging.

Therefore, excess tapping of the ground water is not a cause of water-logging.