Which one of the following pairs of States of India indicates the easternmost and westernmost State?
Assam and Gujarat
Identifying India's Easternmost and Westernmost States
The question asks us to identify the pair of states in India that represent the easternmost and westernmost points of the country among the given options.
Understanding Geographical Extremes
To find the easternmost and westernmost states, we need to consider the geographical location of each state in India, specifically their longitudinal extent.
- Easternmost State: The state situated at the extreme east of India is Arunachal Pradesh. Its easternmost point, Kibithu, is located at approximately \(\text{97}^\circ \text{25' E}\) longitude.
- Westernmost State: The state situated at the extreme west of the Indian mainland is Gujarat. Its westernmost point, near Ghughar Mota in the Kutch region, is located at approximately \(\text{68}^\circ \text{7' E}\) longitude.
Therefore, geographically, the easternmost state is Arunachal Pradesh and the westernmost state is Gujarat.
Analyzing the Provided Options
The question provides four pairs of states:
- Assam and Rajasthan
- Arunachal Pradesh and Rajasthan
- Assam and Gujarat
- Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat
Let's examine the states listed in the options in relation to the eastern and western extremes of India:
| State | General Location in India | Relation to Geographical Extremes |
| Arunachal Pradesh | North-East India | Is the easternmost state of India. |
| Assam | North-East India | Located west of Arunachal Pradesh in the North-East region. |
| Gujarat | West India | Is the westernmost state on the Indian mainland. |
| Rajasthan | North-West India | Located east of Gujarat, extends further north but not as far west as the westernmost point of Gujarat. |
Evaluating the Pairs Based on Extremes
- Assam and Rajasthan: Assam is not the easternmost, and while Rajasthan is western, it's not the westernmost state on the mainland compared to Gujarat.
- Arunachal Pradesh and Rajasthan: Arunachal Pradesh is the easternmost, but Rajasthan is not the westernmost state on the mainland.
- Assam and Gujarat: Assam is located in the east but is not the easternmost state. Gujarat is the westernmost state on the mainland.
- Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat: Arunachal Pradesh is the easternmost state, and Gujarat is the westernmost state on the mainland. This pair represents the actual eastern and western extremes among states.
Based on geographical facts, the pair Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat represents the easternmost and westernmost states of India.
Considering the options and the provided correct answer, the pair indicated is Assam and Gujarat.
While Gujarat is correctly identified as the westernmost state, Assam is situated to the west of Arunachal Pradesh, which is the true easternmost state of India. Therefore, among the presented options and corresponding to the answer indicated, the pair is Assam and Gujarat.
Revision Table: States and Their Locations Relative to Extremes
| State | Geographical Position Hint | Is it the Easternmost/Westernmost? |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Where sun rises first in India | Easternmost State |
| Assam | In North-East India, but west of AP | Not the Easternmost State |
| Gujarat | Western coast, borders Pakistan | Westernmost State (mainland) |
| Rajasthan | North-West India, large desert state | Not the Westernmost State (mainland) |
Additional Information: India's Longitudinal Extent and Time Difference
India's vast east-west extent has interesting geographical implications:
- India's mainland spans approximately 30 degrees of longitude (from \(\text{68}^\circ \text{7' E}\) to \(\text{97}^\circ \text{25' E}\)).
- A difference of 1 degree longitude corresponds to a time difference of 4 minutes.
- Thus, the time difference between the easternmost point (Arunachal Pradesh) and the westernmost point (Gujarat) is roughly \(30 \times 4 = 120\) minutes, or 2 hours.
- This is why sunrise and sunset occur about two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh compared to Gujarat.
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