The question asks to identify the sociologist incorrectly matched with a sociological group concept. We need to evaluate the associations provided in each option.
The pairing of Giddings with Horizontal and Vertical Groups is the incorrect match. While Franklin Giddings did develop classifications of groups, the terms "Horizontal and Vertical Groups" are not typically attributed to him as his core conceptual contribution in the way the other pairings are established facts in sociology.
Therefore, the incorrect match is Option C.
"Being a white man, in short, was a very concrete manner of being-in-the-world, a way of taking hold of reality, language and thought."
What does the theorist signify by the term 'white man' here?