Ground Water: Evaluating Statements on Contamination and Supply

This solution examines each statement provided about ground water to identify the one that is factually incorrect. We will analyze the characteristics of ground water, particularly in comparison to surface water, regarding its quality and availability.

Option 1 Analysis: Pathogenic Agents in Ground Water

Statement: It is likely to be free from pathogenic agents.

Explanation: This statement is generally considered true. As water percolates through the soil and rock layers, the ground acts as a natural filter. This filtration process effectively removes many harmful bacteria, viruses, and other pathogenic microorganisms that might be present in surface water. While not guaranteed to be completely sterile, ground water is typically much less contaminated with pathogens than untreated surface water.

Option 2 Analysis: Contamination Susceptibility

Statement: It is more subjected to contamination than surface water.

Explanation: This statement is generally considered false. Surface water (like rivers, lakes) is directly exposed to the environment and potential pollutants such as industrial discharges, sewage, agricultural runoff, and animal waste. In contrast, ground water is protected by layers of soil and rock, which provide a barrier against immediate contamination. While ground water contamination can occur (e.g., from leaky underground storage tanks, septic systems, or deep infiltration of pollutants), it is typically less susceptible to widespread and rapid contamination compared to surface water sources.

Option 3 Analysis: Ground Water as a Filter Medium

Statement: It is superior to surface water, because the ground itself provides an effective filtering medium.

Explanation: This statement is true and explains why ground water is often preferred. The natural filtration provided by soil and rock layers significantly improves water quality by removing suspended solids and pathogens, making the ground water a superior source compared to unfiltered surface water.

Option 4 Analysis: Ground Water Supply Certainty

Statement: The supply of Ground Water is likely to be certain even during dry season.

Explanation: This statement is generally true. Aquifers, which store ground water underground, act as reservoirs. Unlike surface water bodies that can shrink or disappear during dry periods, ground water reserves are often more stable and can provide a reliable water supply even when rainfall is scarce.

Conclusion on False Statement

Based on the analysis, the statement that is false in relation to ground water is that it is more subjected to contamination than surface water. The natural filtration process and the protective layers of the earth generally make ground water less susceptible to contamination than surface water.