Let's analyze the given statements regarding the education system.

Analyzing Statement I: Hierarchical Caste Education System and Exclusion

Statement I says that a hierarchical caste education system can promote the exclusion of the lower caste from the education system. Historically, caste systems have created rigid social structures where access to resources, including education, was often determined by birth caste. In a hierarchical system, certain castes were traditionally denied or had limited access to formal schooling and knowledge. This historical context demonstrates how such systems inherently lead to discrimination and exclusion. Therefore, a hierarchical caste system can indeed facilitate the exclusion of individuals belonging to lower castes from educational opportunities.

• Caste systems often define social roles and access based on birth.
• Traditional systems limited educational access for specific groups.
• Exclusion from education perpetuates social and economic inequalities.

Based on the historical and social context of hierarchical caste systems, this statement appears to be correct as such systems have historically led to the exclusion of lower castes from education.

Analyzing Statement II: Spoken Language and Medium of Instruction

Statement II suggests that the spoken language should play a deterministic role in the medium of instruction in the school. The medium of instruction refers to the language used to teach subjects in school. When the medium of instruction is the child's mother tongue or the language they speak at home and in their community, it significantly aids their comprehension, participation, and overall learning process. Learning becomes easier and more effective when taught in a language the student already understands fluently. While other factors are involved in education, the language used for teaching is a fundamental determinant of whether a student can access and understand the curriculum. Therefore, the spoken language playing a crucial, even 'deterministic' in the sense of 'fundamentally important', role in deciding the medium of instruction is widely supported by educational research focusing on pedagogy and inclusion.

• Learning in a familiar language improves understanding and performance.
• Using the spoken language reduces cognitive load for students.
• It promotes participation and reduces dropout rates, especially in diverse linguistic settings.
• Educational policies often advocate for using the mother tongue or local language in primary education.

Considering the importance of the spoken language for effective learning and inclusion, the statement that it should play a deterministic role (meaning a critical, determining factor) in the medium of instruction is also valid from an educational perspective.

Conclusion

Both statements present valid points regarding challenges and principles in the education system. Statement I highlights the negative impact of social hierarchies like caste on educational access and inclusion. Statement II emphasizes the importance of the student's spoken language for effective learning as the medium of instruction. Therefore, both statements are considered correct.