Revolutionary Movement in India During World Wars

The period encompassing the World Wars witnessed a significant surge in revolutionary activities across India. These movements were driven by a strong desire for complete independence from British rule, employing various methods including armed resistance and the formation of secret societies. Revolutionaries believed that direct action and pressure were necessary to challenge the colonial power. Several prominent organizations and leaders emerged during this time, each contributing uniquely to India's struggle for freedom.

Understanding the contributions of these revolutionary figures and the organizations they founded is crucial for comprehending the multifaceted nature of the Indian freedom movement. Let's analyze the given statements about the active revolutionary movement in India to identify the true one.

Analyzing Revolutionary Statements

Statement 1: Chandrashekhar Azad founded the Anushilan Samiti.

• This statement is false.
• The Anushilan Samiti was a prominent revolutionary organization that originated in Bengal at the beginning of the 20th century. It had two main branches: the Dacca Anushilan Samiti, founded by Pulin Behari Das, and the Calcutta Anushilan Samiti, founded by Pramathanath Mitra.
• Chandrashekhar Azad was a highly influential revolutionary figure but was primarily associated with the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), which was active in North India in the late 1920s. He did not found the Anushilan Samiti.

Statement 2: Bhagat Singh was the founder of Naujawan Bharat Sabha.

• This statement is true.
• Bhagat Singh, along with other comrades, founded the Naujawan Bharat Sabha (Youth of India Association) in March 1926 in Lahore.
• The objective of Naujawan Bharat Sabha was to prepare young people for revolutionary activities, promote patriotism, and organize workers and peasants. It aimed to establish an independent republic of workers and peasants in India. This organization played a significant role in inspiring revolutionary fervor among the youth.

Statement 3: Prafulla Chaki established the Hindustan Republican Association.

• This statement is false.
• The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was founded in 1924 in Kanpur by prominent revolutionaries like Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, and Ram Prasad Bismil. Its aim was to organize an armed revolution to overthrow the British rule and establish a Federal Republic of the United States of India.
• Prafulla Chaki was an earlier revolutionary, famously associated with Khudiram Bose in the Muzaffarpur bombing in 1908. He was not involved in the establishment of HRA.

Statement 4: Surya Sen Organized the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.

• This statement is false.
• The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was formed in 1928, primarily by revolutionaries like Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and others, as a rebranding of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). The term "Socialist" was added to reflect their socialist ideology.
• Surya Sen, often known as "Masterda," was a prominent revolutionary from Bengal, renowned for leading the Chittagong Armoury Raid in 1930. He organized the Indian Republican Army, Chittagong branch, and not the HSRA.

Statement 5: Shachindranath Sanyal was the founder of Yugantar.

• This statement is false.
• Yugantar was a revolutionary newspaper and organization founded in 1906 in Bengal by Barindra Kumar Ghosh and Bhupendranath Dutta. It played a crucial role in spreading revolutionary ideas and inspiring young minds.
• Sachindra Nath Sanyal was indeed a key revolutionary figure and one of the founders of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), but he was not the founder of Yugantar.

Key Revolutionary Organizations and Founders

Conclusion: Identifying the True Statement

Based on the analysis of each statement, it is clear that only one statement accurately describes the revolutionary movement in India. The statement that Bhagat Singh was the founder of Naujawan Bharat Sabha is historically correct. This organization was instrumental in galvanizing youth for the cause of India's independence during a critical phase of the revolutionary movement.