Analysis of Historical Statements on Oudh and Bahadur Shah Zafar

Let's analyze each statement provided in the question to determine its historical accuracy.

Statement I: In 1801, a subsidiary treaty was imposed on Oudh.

• The Subsidiary Alliance system was a policy introduced by the British East India Company in India to bring Indian princely states under their control.
• Under this system, the Indian ruler had to accept the permanent stationing of a British force within his territory and pay a subsidy for its maintenance. The ruler would also have to expel all non-British Europeans from his state and deal with other states only through the British.
• Historical records confirm that a subsidiary treaty, bringing the state of Oudh under the Subsidiary Alliance system, was indeed imposed in the year 1801 by Lord Wellesley. This treaty significantly reduced the Nawab of Oudh's power and control over his state.
• Therefore, Statement I is historically correct.

Statement II: Bahadur Shah Zafar died in Rangoon Jail in November 1862.

• Bahadur Shah Zafar II was the last Mughal Emperor.
• After the Indian Mutiny (or Revolt of 1857), which he was seen as the symbolic leader of, he was captured by the British.
• He was put on trial, found guilty, and exiled to Rangoon (now Yangon) in Burma (now Myanmar) in 1858.
• He remained in exile there and died in Rangoon in November 1862.
• Therefore, Statement II is historically correct.

Conclusion on the Statements

Based on the analysis of both statements:

• Statement I, regarding the imposition of a subsidiary treaty on Oudh in 1801, is correct.
• Statement II, regarding the death of Bahadur Shah Zafar in Rangoon Jail in November 1862, is also correct.

Since both statements I and II are found to be correct, the option that states "Both I and II" is the correct answer.