The Modern Summer Olympic Games trace their roots back to Athens in 1896. Since then, various sports have been added, removed, or reinstated into the Olympic Programme. However, a select group of sports has remained a constant presence, never missing an edition of the Summer Games.

Olympic Programme: Continuous Sports

Let's examine the history of each sport mentioned in the question concerning their participation in every Modern Summer Olympic Programme:

• Athletics: Athletics has been an indispensable part of the Modern Summer Olympic Programme since its very beginning in 1896. It encompasses a wide range of events from track and field to road events.
• Swimming: Swimming is another core sport that has featured in every single Modern Summer Olympic Games since the inaugural event in 1896.
• Wrestling: While a historic and popular Olympic sport, Wrestling was not included in the 1900 Paris Olympic Games. Therefore, it has not been present in every Modern Summer Olympic Programme.
• Fencing: Fencing holds the distinction of being one of the few sports that have been part of every Modern Summer Olympic Programme since 1896, showcasing its enduring legacy.
• Boxing: Boxing, a significant combat sport, was absent from the Modern Summer Olympic Programme held in Stockholm in 1912. Thus, it has not appeared in all editions of the Games.
• Artistic Gymnastics: Artistic Gymnastics has been a consistent fixture in every Modern Summer Olympic Programme since 1896, demonstrating incredible athleticism and grace.

Olympic Sports Historical Overview

The table below summarizes the presence of each sport in all Modern Summer Olympic Programmes:

Modern Olympic Programme Core Sports

Based on the historical data, the sports that have never been absent from the Modern Summer Olympic Programme are Athletics (a), Swimming (b), Fencing (d), and Artistic Gymnastics (f). These disciplines have maintained a continuous presence since the first modern Olympic Games in 1896.