a) From knowledge as evolving and created to knowledge as given and fixed
b) From disciplinary to multidisciplinary educational focus
c) From learner autonomy to teacher direction
d) From teacher-centred to learner-centred designs
e) From learning within classroom walls to learning in the wider social context
b, d and e only
NCF 2005’s teacher-education shifts support b, d and e. It also favours learner autonomy and knowledge as evolving and created. Statements a and c reverse those directions.
| LIST-I (Commission/Document) | LIST-II (Recommendation/Idea) |
| A. Mudaliar Commission | I. Comprehensive programme for teacher education through DIET |
| B. National Education Commission | II. School internship model of 6-10 weeks in a 2-year programme and 15- 20 weeks in 4-year programme |
| C. NPE (1986) | III. Multi track education at secondary level |
| D. NCFTE (2009) | IV. Teacher undoubtedly the most important person for education and national development |