Understanding Regions During Alexander's Invasion

The question asks about a specific administrative structure present in a region of India during the time of Alexander the Great's invasion. This structure involved rule by two kings alongside a council of elders. We need to identify which of the given regions matches this description based on historical accounts of Alexander's campaigns.

Alexander's Campaigns in Ancient India

Alexander the Great's expedition reached parts of northwestern India in the 4th century BCE. During this campaign, his forces encountered various kingdoms, republics, and tribal areas, each with its own unique political and social organization. Historians chronicled these interactions, providing insights into the political landscape of the time.

Analyzing the Administrative Structure of Pattala

Historical sources, such as those by Arrian and Quintus Curtius Rufus, describe the region of Pattala. Pattala was located near the mouth of the Indus River, in the delta area. According to these accounts, the political system in Pattala was indeed distinct. It was governed by a diarchy, meaning rule by two kings, who governed jointly with the assistance of a council of elders. This dual kingship and council structure was noted by Alexander's historians.

Examining Other Regions

Let's briefly consider the other options:

• Kshudraka (Oxydrakai): Often mentioned alongside the Malli, these were republican or tribal communities known for their fierce resistance to Alexander. Their political structure was different from a kingdom ruled by two kings.
• Sibi (Siboi): Another tribal group encountered by Alexander, located in the Punjab region. Their political organization is described differently from the dual monarchy of Pattala.
• Saubhuti (Sophytes): This likely refers to the kingdom ruled by King Sophytes (Saubhuti). This was a monarchical rule, not a diarchy with two kings and a council.

Conclusion on Pattala's Governance

Based on historical evidence from the period of Alexander's invasion, the region that was ruled by two kings with a council of elders was Pattala. This unique administrative setup distinguished it from many other regions encountered by Alexander in the Indian subcontinent.

Therefore, Pattala fits the description provided in the question.

Revision Table: Key Regions & Structures During Alexander's Invasion

Additional Information on Alexander's Campaigns in India

Alexander's invasion of India began around 326 BCE. His campaign brought him into contact with diverse political entities. Beyond large kingdoms like that of Porus, he also encountered numerous republics and tribes. These encounters provide valuable historical information about the political diversity of ancient India. The organization of regions varied significantly, from monarchies to oligarchies (rule by a few, like councils) and tribal systems. The diarchy and council structure in Pattala is a notable example of this diversity near the Indus delta.