Which of the following pairs is Incorrect regarding the special powers of the governors' of various states ?
Telangana - Separate development board for Rayalseema Region
Identifying the Incorrect Pair: Governor's Special Powers
The question asks us to find the pair that incorrectly matches a state with a special power or responsibility of its governor. These special provisions are primarily found in Part XXI of the Constitution, specifically Articles 371 to 371J.
Analysing Each Option
Let's examine each provided pair to determine its correctness based on the constitutional provisions:
- Maharashtra - Separate Development boards for the Vidharbha and Marathwada
Under Article \(\text{371(2)}\) of the Constitution, the President can provide for the Governor of Maharashtra to have a special responsibility for establishing separate development boards for Vidarbha, Marathwada, and the rest of Maharashtra. This provision aims to ensure equitable allocation of funds and opportunities in these regions. Thus, this pair is correct.
- Telangana - Separate development board for Rayalseema Region
Let's look at the special provisions related to Telangana. Telangana was formed from Andhra Pradesh. Article \(\text{371E}\) deals with the establishment of a Central University in Andhra Pradesh (which now also applies to Telangana). The provisions for Andhra Pradesh under Article \(\text{371D}\) give the President power to make orders regarding equitable opportunities and facilities for people belonging to different parts of the state, including Rayalaseema, Coastal Andhra, and Telangana (before bifurcation), in matters of public employment and education. However, this article empowers the President, not the Governor, with a special responsibility for a 'separate development board' for Rayalaseema under the Governor's purview in the way specified for Maharashtra or Gujarat. Furthermore, Rayalaseema region is primarily located in the state of Andhra Pradesh, not Telangana. Therefore, this pair is incorrect.
- Assam - Administration of tribal areas in the state
Article \(\text{371B}\) contains special provisions for Assam, enabling the President to provide for the constitution and functions of a committee of the Legislative Assembly of the state consisting of members elected from the tribal areas of Assam. Additionally, the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution deals with the administration of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram, granting significant powers to the Governor regarding the administration of Autonomous Districts and Autonomous Regions. The Governor plays a crucial role in the administration of these tribal areas. This pair is correct in indicating a special responsibility related to tribal areas.
- Manipur - Regarding the administration of the hill areas in the state
Article \(\text{371C}\) contains special provisions for Manipur. It allows the President to provide for the constitution and functions of a committee of the Legislative Assembly of Manipur consisting of members elected from the Hill Areas of the state. The Governor of Manipur has a special responsibility to secure the proper functioning of this committee and for the administration of the Hill Areas. This pair is correct.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis of the constitutional provisions, the pair that incorrectly associates a state with a special power of its governor is Telangana - Separate development board for Rayalseema Region. Rayalaseema is not in Telangana, and the specific provision for a development board under the Governor's special power for this region in Telangana (or even Andhra Pradesh under the governor) is not accurate in the context of Articles \(\text{371-371J}\) which grant such powers for other regions/states.
| State | Special Provision (Governor's role/responsibility) | Constitutional Article | Correctness |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maharashtra | Separate development boards for Vidarbha, Marathwada, etc. | \(\text{371(2)}\) | Correct |
| Telangana | Central University in Andhra Pradesh (applies to Telangana) | \(\text{371E}\) | Incorrect (Pair mentioned is wrong) |
| Assam | Committee of Legislative Assembly for tribal areas; administration of tribal areas (Sixth Schedule) | \(\text{371B}\), Sixth Schedule | Correct |
| Manipur | Committee of Legislative Assembly for Hill Areas; administration of Hill Areas | \(\text{371C}\) | Correct |
Revision Table: Governor's Special Responsibilities
| State | Key Special Provision | Relevant Article |
|---|---|---|
| Maharashtra | Development boards for Vidarbha, Marathwada, etc. | \(\text{371(2)}\) |
| Gujarat | Development boards for Saurashtra, Kutch, etc. | \(\text{371(2)}\) |
| Nagaland | Religious/social practices, Naga customary law/procedure, law and order (internal disturbance) | \(\text{371A}\) |
| Assam | Committee of Legislative Assembly for tribal areas | \(\text{371B}\) |
| Manipur | Committee of Legislative Assembly for Hill Areas | \(\text{371C}\) |
| Andhra Pradesh/Telangana | Equitable opportunities in public employment/education, Central University | \(\text{371D}\), \(\text{371E}\) |
| Sikkim | Peace, social & economic advancement | \(\text{371F}\) |
| Mizoram | Religious/social practices, Mizo customary law/procedure, administration of justice | \(\text{371G}\) |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Law and order | \(\text{371H}\) |
| Karnataka | Development boards for Hyderabad-Karnataka region | \(\text{371J}\) |
Additional Information: Special Provisions for States
Part XXI of the Indian Constitution contains temporary, transitional, and special provisions. Articles \(\text{371}\) to \(\text{371J}\) provide special provisions for various states, reflecting their unique historical, social, economic, or geographical conditions. These provisions often aim to address regional disparities, protect cultural identities, or ensure administrative stability in specific areas.
- The special power granted to governors in states like Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Karnataka regarding development boards is intended to ensure balanced development across different regions within the state.
- In states with significant tribal populations like Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, and Arunachal Pradesh, special provisions involve the governor in the administration of tribal or hill areas, often through specific committees or councils, respecting their distinct social structures and laws.
- Article \(\text{371}\) itself contains special provisions for Maharashtra and Gujarat, including the governor's special responsibility for development boards.
- Article \(\text{371A}\) for Nagaland provides extensive protection for Naga customary laws and practices, giving the governor special responsibility for law and order.
- Article \(\text{371H}\) for Arunachal Pradesh gives the governor special responsibility for law and order.
Understanding these specific articles is crucial for comprehending the unique federal structure of India and the varied roles assigned to the governors.
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