Which of the following newspapers was started by Raja Ram Mohan Roy?
Sambad Kaumudi
Let's analyze the options provided and determine which newspaper was founded by the notable Indian reformer, Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy's Contributions to Journalism
Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a pivotal figure in the Indian Renaissance. He strongly believed in social reform and education, and saw the press as a powerful tool for disseminating his ideas and awakening public consciousness. He was a pioneer of Indian journalism.
Analyzing the Newspaper Options
Let's look at each newspaper listed in the options:
- Amrita Bazar Patrika: This was a prominent Indian newspaper founded in 1868 by Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh in Jessore (now in Bangladesh). It played a significant role during the freedom struggle.
- Karmayogin: This was an English weekly started by Aurobindo Ghosh in 1909. It focused on political and spiritual themes.
- Ananda Bazar Patrika: This is a major Bengali newspaper. It was founded later than the period associated with Raja Ram Mohan Roy, specifically in 1922 by Prafulla Kumar Sarkar.
- Sambad Kaumudi: This was a Bengali weekly newspaper founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy. It was first published in 1821. The name translates to "Moon of Intelligence" or "Messenger of the Kaumudi". Roy used this paper to campaign against social evils like Sati and advocate for modern education and other reforms.
Identifying the Newspaper by Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Based on the analysis of each option, Sambad Kaumudi stands out as the newspaper directly associated with Raja Ram Mohan Roy. He used Sambad Kaumudi actively to promote his reformist agenda and engage in public debate.
To further illustrate the relationship between the newspapers and their founders, here is a brief summary:
| Newspaper | Founder(s) | Year Started | Language(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amrita Bazar Patrika | Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh | 1868 | Initially Bengali, later English |
| Karmayogin | Aurobindo Ghosh | 1909 | English |
| Ananda Bazar Patrika | Prafulla Kumar Sarkar | 1922 | Bengali |
| Sambad Kaumudi | Raja Ram Mohan Roy | 1821 | Bengali |
This table clearly shows that Sambad Kaumudi was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1821, predating the other newspapers listed.
Conclusion
The question asks which of the given newspapers was started by Raja Ram Mohan Roy. Our analysis confirms that Sambad Kaumudi was founded by him as a platform for social and religious reform.
Revision Table: Key Newspapers and Founders
| Newspaper | Founder(s) |
|---|---|
| Sambad Kaumudi | Raja Ram Mohan Roy |
| Amrita Bazar Patrika | Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh |
| Karmayogin | Aurobindo Ghosh |
| Ananda Bazar Patrika | Prafulla Kumar Sarkar |
Additional Information: Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Press in India
Raja Ram Mohan Roy published several other periodicals besides Sambad Kaumudi. He also published a Persian newspaper called Mirat-ul-Akhbar (Mirror of News) starting in 1822. He strongly defended the freedom of the press and even petitioned against restrictive press regulations imposed by the British government. His efforts were crucial in shaping the early landscape of the Indian press and using it as a vehicle for social change and political awareness.
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