Understanding Disease and Affected Organs

The question asks us to correctly match diseases from Column A with the primary organs or systems they affect, listed in Column B. Let's examine each disease and its typical target area in the body.

Matching Diseases to Affected Organs

Here is a breakdown of each disease and the organ(s) it primarily affects:

1. Alzheimer's disease: This is a neurodegenerative disease. It primarily affects the brain, causing problems with memory, thinking, and behavior.
2. Diphtheria: Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection that usually affects the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. It can cause a thick coating in the back of the throat, making breathing difficult.
3. Gonorrhoea: Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). It typically affects the reproductive tract, including the urethra, rectum, or throat. In women, it can also infect the cervix.
4. Mumps: Mumps is a viral infection. It is best known for causing swelling of the salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands, which are located near the ears.

Based on this information, we can form the correct pairings:

• i. Alzheimer's disease matches with c. Brain.
• ii. Diphtheria matches with d. Nose and throat.
• iii. Gonorrhoea matches with b. Reproductive tract.
• iv. Mumps matches with a. Salivary glands.

Evaluating the Options

Now let's compare our correct pairings (i - c, ii - d, iii - b, iv - a) with the given options:

• Option 1: i - c, ii - a, iii - b, iv - d (Incorrect, ii and iv are mismatched)
• Option 2: i - d, ii - c, iii - b, iv - a (Incorrect, i and ii are mismatched)
• Option 3: i - c, ii - d, iii - a, iv - b (Incorrect, iii and iv are mismatched)
• Option 4: i - c, ii - d, iii - b, iv - a (Correct, all pairings match)

Therefore, the option that correctly matches the diseases with their affected organs is Option 4.

Revision Table: Diseases and Affected Organs

Additional Information on Diseases

Understanding how different diseases affect specific parts of the body is crucial in medical science. Diseases can be caused by various pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, or even genetic factors and lifestyle choices.

• Neurodegenerative Diseases: Diseases like Alzheimer's involve the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including their death. The brain is the primary organ affected, leading to cognitive decline.
• Bacterial Infections: Diphtheria is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It releases a toxin that damages tissues, particularly in the respiratory system (nose and throat).
• Viral Infections: Mumps is caused by the mumps virus. It spreads through respiratory droplets and typically affects the salivary glands, causing painful swelling.
• Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Gonorrhoea is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact and affects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, rectum, and throat.

Knowing the specific organs targeted by different diseases helps in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies.