Which of the following is a famous Tamil epic composed by Ilango in ancient India?
Silappadikaram
Exploring Famous Ancient Tamil Epics
Ancient India was a cradle of rich literary traditions across various languages. Tamil literature, particularly from the Sangam age and the post-Sangam period, boasts several significant epics. The question asks to identify a famous Tamil epic composed by Ilango.
Analyzing the Options for Tamil Epics
Let's examine each option to determine which one fits the description of a famous Tamil epic composed by Ilango:
- Shishupala Vadha: This is a classical Sanskrit epic poem (mahākāvya) written by Magha in the 7th century CE. It details the story of the killing of Shishupala by Krishna. It is not a Tamil epic, nor is it composed by Ilango.
- Silappadikaram: This is one of the five great epics of Tamil literature (Aimperumkappiyam). It tells the story of Kannagi and Kovalan. Tradition attributes its authorship to Ilango Adigal, often simply referred to as Ilango, believed to be a Jain monk and possibly a brother of the Chera king Senguttuvan. This fits the description of a famous Tamil epic composed by Ilango.
- Aitareya Brahmana: This is a part of the Rigveda, one of the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism. It is written in Vedic Sanskrit prose and deals with the rituals of the Soma sacrifice. It is an ancient Indian text, but it is not a Tamil epic.
- Ramacharitam: While there are many works recounting the story of Rama, famously Valmiki's Sanskrit Ramayana, the title 'Ramacharitam' can refer to different texts. For instance, Sandhyakar Nandi's Ramacharitam is a Sanskrit epic from Bengal, and there are other versions in various languages. None of the prominent works titled 'Ramacharitam' are identified as a famous Tamil epic composed by Ilango.
Identifying the Famous Tamil Epic by Ilango
Based on the analysis, the only option that represents a famous Tamil epic composed by Ilango is Silappadikaram. It is a foundational work in Tamil literary history, offering insights into the society, culture, and beliefs of the time.
Conclusion on the Tamil Epic
Therefore, the famous Tamil epic composed by Ilango in ancient India is Silappadikaram.
| Epic Name | Language | Attributed Author | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shishupala Vadha | Sanskrit | Magha | Classical Sanskrit epic |
| Silappadikaram | Tamil | Ilango Adigal (Ilango) | One of the five great Tamil epics |
| Aitareya Brahmana | Vedic Sanskrit | Associated with Rigveda | Ancient Vedic text on rituals |
| Ramacharitam | Sanskrit, others | Various authors (e.g., Valmiki for Ramayana, Sandhyakar Nandi for a specific work) | Works based on the story of Rama |
Revision Table: Ancient Indian Literature
| Literary Work | Type | Language | Author (if known) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Silappadikaram | Epic | Tamil | Ilango Adigal |
| Shishupala Vadha | Epic (Mahakavya) | Sanskrit | Magha |
| Aitareya Brahmana | Brahmana (Vedic Prose) | Vedic Sanskrit | N/A (part of Rigveda) |
| Manimekalai | Epic | Tamil | Seethalai Saathanar |
| Civaka Cintamani | Epic | Tamil | Tiruttakkathevar |
Additional Information: Significance of Silappadikaram
Silappadikaram, meaning "The Tale of the Anklet," is considered a masterpiece of Tamil literature. It is the first of the five great Tamil epics and is followed by its sequel, Manimekalai. The epic provides invaluable insights into the social, religious, and economic conditions of the ancient Tamil country, covering regions ruled by the Cholas, Pandyas, and Cheras. The story revolves around the tragic fate of Kovalan, Kannagi, and Madhavi and explores themes of justice, fate, and the power of female chastity.
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