Question Type: Knowledge-based question on Applied Mathematics.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Applied mathematics is a branch of mathematics that deals with the application of mathematical methods and techniques to solve problems in other fields. It contrasts with pure mathematics, which focuses on abstract mathematical concepts.

• Option 1: Information Processing: While mathematics underlies information processing (e.g., algorithms, data structures), it's considered a field in computer science, not directly a subfield of applied mathematics itself.
• Option 2: Operations Research: Operations research (OR) uses mathematical modeling, statistical analysis, and algorithms to optimize complex systems and decision-making processes in various fields like business, engineering, and logistics. This is a clear example of applied mathematics.
• Option 3: Management Accounting: Management accounting uses accounting data for management decision-making. While it uses some mathematical concepts (e.g., financial ratios, budgeting), it's primarily a business discipline, not directly a subfield of applied mathematics.
• Option 4: Organisation: This is a broad term related to business management and structure, and has no direct connection to applied mathematics.

Core Logic: The core logic involves identifying the field that directly applies mathematical methods and techniques to solve practical problems, which is the definition of applied mathematics.

Eliminating Incorrect Options: Options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect because they are not direct applications of mathematical methods in the way Operations Research is. They utilize mathematical concepts to some degree, but are primarily rooted in other fields.

Correct Answer: Operations research (Option 2)