Question
Which of the following are the physiological abnormalities in chronic obstructive lung disease? 1. Reduced total lung capacity(TLC) 2. Increased functional residual capacity 3. Increased residual volume(RV) 4. Increased RV/TLC ratio Select the correct answer using the code given below:
The correct answer is
2, 3 and 4
Analyzing COPD Physiological Abnormalities
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation, resulting from abnormalities in lung function. Let's examine the listed physiological changes:
Physiological Abnormalities in COPD
- 1. Reduced Total Lung Capacity (TLC): This is generally incorrect for COPD. In conditions like emphysema, a component of COPD, lungs often become hyperinflated, leading to a normal or even increased TLC.
- 2. Increased Functional Residual Capacity (FRC): Air trapping is a hallmark of COPD. This means the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation (FRC) is typically increased.
- 3. Increased Residual Volume (RV): Due to air trapping and loss of elastic recoil, the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal exhalation (RV) is significantly increased in COPD patients.
- 4. Increased RV/TLC Ratio: Since RV is increased and TLC may be normal or increased, the ratio of RV to Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is characteristically increased in COPD, reflecting impaired ability to exhale air.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis, the physiological abnormalities commonly observed in COPD are increased FRC, increased RV, and an increased RV/TLC ratio. Therefore, points 2, 3, and 4 are correct.
The correct combination is 2, 3 and 4.
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Important Questions from COPD
- The distance walked in 6 minutes is an indirect measure of which of the following variables of the 'BODE Index' which is used to assess the prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
- The most common cause of chronic type II respiratory failure is:
- Which of the following are categorised under obstructive lung disease ?
1. Bronchial asthma
2. Bronchiectasis
3. Bronchiolitis
4. Pulmonary sarcoidosis
Select the correct answer using the code given below: - Risk factors for development of COPD include which of the following ?
1. Tobacco smoking
2. Recurrent infection
3. Coal dust exposure
4. High socio-economic status
Select the correct answer using the code given below: - A 65-year-old male smoker has been diagnosed with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). On pulmonary function testing, the $FEV_1/FVC < 0.7$ and $FEV_1 = 42\%$ of predicted. The severity of airflow obstruction in this patient as per GOLD criteria is :
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