1. Emphysema
2. Primary pulmonary hypertension
3. Obliterative bronchiolitis
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Lung Transplantation Indications
This question requires identifying which of the listed conditions are valid indications for undergoing a lung transplantation procedure. The conditions provided are Emphysema, Primary pulmonary hypertension, and Obliterative bronchiolitis.
Condition Analysis for Lung Transplant
- Emphysema: Severe emphysema, typically a consequence of advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), significantly impairs lung function and gas exchange. It is a well-established indication for lung transplantation when medical management is insufficient.
- Primary Pulmonary Hypertension (PPH): This condition involves high blood pressure in the lung's arteries without a clear cause. It leads to severe strain on the right side of the heart and progressive respiratory failure, making lung transplantation a necessary treatment option.
- Obliterative Bronchiolitis (OB): Also known as Constrictive Bronchiolitis, this condition affects the small airways (bronchioles) of the lungs, leading to obstruction. It can occur post-infection or post-transplant (as graft dysfunction) and is a significant indication for re-transplantation or primary lung transplantation in specific contexts.
Conclusion on Indications
All three conditions listed – Emphysema, Primary pulmonary hypertension, and Obliterative bronchiolitis – are recognized indications for lung transplantation. Therefore, the correct option includes all three conditions.
Important Questions from Chest & Lung Surgery
Which of the following are correct for herniation via foramen of Morgagni?
1. It occurs posteriorly in chest.
2. Transverse colon is the commonest content.
3. Defect is between sternal and costal attachments.
4. It is a type of congenital hernia.
Select the answer using the code given below.
A patient of road traffic accident presents to the emergency with increasing restlessness and difficulty in breathing. The respiratory rate is $26$ breaths/minute; there are distended neck veins; trachea is deviated to the right side with hyper-resonant note and absence of breath sounds on the left side. Which of the following statements are correct?
1. The most probable clinical diagno- sis is left tension pneumothorax
2. Immediate chest decompression using wide bore cannula in left second intercostal space should be done
3. Immediate chest X-ray should be done to confirm the clinical diagnosis
4. Definitive chest tube insertion in left fifth intercostal space should be done
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
- A patient of road traffic accident presents to the emergency with increasing restlessness and difficulty in breathing. The respiratory rate is 26 breaths/minute; there are distended neck veins; trachea is deviated to the right side with hyper-resonant note and absence of breath sounds on the left side. Which of the following statements are correct?
1. The most probable clinical diagno-sis is left tension pneumothorax
2. Immediate chest decompression using wide bore cannula in left second intercostal space should be done
3. Immediate chest X-ray should be done to confirm the clinical diagnosis
4. Definitive chest tube insertion in left fifth intercostal space should be done
Select the correct answer using the code given below : - A 50 year old male presented with pain along the left arm and ptosis. His chest X-ray showed soft tissue opacity at the apex of the left lung along with the erosion of the adjacent rib. The probable diagnosis is:
- Left Internal Mammary Artery (LIMA) has become the conduit of choice for Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery during coronary artery bypass grafting because:
