1. Lead pipe rigidity
2. Cog wheel rigidity
3. Festinating gait
4. Romberg test positive
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
The question asks which of the given signs are suggestive of Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to the cardinal motor features of rigidity, bradykinesia, resting tremor, and postural instability.
Lead pipe rigidity, cog wheel rigidity, and festinating gait (statements 1, 2, and 3) are all well-established signs suggestive of Parkinson's disease, while a positive Romberg test (statement 4) is not a feature of Parkinson's disease and instead points toward a sensory or vestibular deficit.
Hence, the correct answer is 1, 2 and 3.
A 30-year old male was being evaluated for paraparesis. On examination, there was severe muscle atrophy, with absent deep tendon reflexes and absent Babinski sign. The most likely possibility is: