1. Family history of diabetes
2. Underweight
3. Physical inactivity
4. Polycystic ovary syndrome
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
The correct answer is Option B: 1, 3 and 4 — Family history of diabetes, Physical inactivity, and Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are all established risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Underweight is not a risk factor; in fact, being overweight/obese (not underweight) is one of the strongest risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
Analysis of Each Statement
- 1. Family history of diabetes — Correct. A first-degree relative (parent or sibling) with type 2 diabetes substantially raises an individual's risk due to shared genetic susceptibility and lifestyle factors.
- 2. Underweight — Incorrect. Type 2 diabetes is strongly associated with excess body weight and central obesity, which drive insulin resistance. Being underweight does not predispose a person to type 2 diabetes; if anything, unexplained weight loss is more typical of poorly controlled diabetes or type 1 diabetes, not a cause of it.
- 3. Physical inactivity — Correct. A sedentary lifestyle reduces skeletal muscle glucose uptake and promotes insulin resistance, making it a well-recognized modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
- 4. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) — Correct. PCOS is strongly linked to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, which significantly increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, particularly in women who are also overweight.
Why the Other Options Are Wrong
- Option A (1, 2 and 3) — Incorrectly includes underweight (2) and omits PCOS (4), a genuine risk factor.
- Option C (1, 2 and 4) — Incorrectly includes underweight (2) and omits physical inactivity (3), a genuine risk factor.
- Option D (2, 3 and 4) — Incorrectly includes underweight (2) and omits family history (1), a genuine risk factor.
Conclusion
Only statements 1, 3, and 4 — family history, physical inactivity, and PCOS — are genuine, well-documented risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus, confirming Option B as the correct answer.
Important Questions from Diabetes Mellitus
- A 52-year-old male diabetic presents with recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia. On examination, Pulse : 84 beats/minute, BP : 160/100 mm Hg, Chest and CVS examination unremarkable. Which of the following antihypertensive should be avoided in this patient ?
- Which of the following glucose lowering agent can be given as an injectable drug?
Which of the following findings are seen in Diabetic Retinopathy on fundus examination?
1. Microaneurysm
2. Dot and blot hemorrhage
3. Retinal thickening
4. Neovascularization
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Which of the following statements are correct with regard to glucose homeostasis?
1. Insulin level rises postprandially.
2. Major portion of postprandial glucose is used by skeletal muscle.
3. Brain uses glucose in an insulin-dependent manner.
4. Glucagon is secreted during exercise.
Select the answer using the code given below :
Consider the following pancreatic hormones :
1. Insulin
2. Islet amyloid polypeptide or amylin
3. Glucagon
4. Somatostatin
Which of the above is/are secreted by beta cells of the pancreatic islets?
