Kharif Crops: Definition and Importance

Kharif crops are also known as monsoon crops or autumn crops. These crops are planted at the beginning of the monsoon season, typically from June to July, and harvested in the autumn, usually between September and October. They rely heavily on the monsoon rains for their growth. Important Kharif crops in India include rice, maize, jowar, bajra, cotton, groundnut, soybean, and several pulses.

Crop Classification: Kharif vs. Rabi

Let's examine each crop mentioned in the question to determine if it is a Kharif crop:

• Gram (Chana): Gram, also known as chickpea, is a prominent example of a Rabi crop. Rabi crops are sown in winter (October-November) and harvested in spring (March-April). Therefore, Gram is not a Kharif crop.
• Mung (Moong Dal): Mung bean, or Moong Dal, is widely cultivated as a Kharif crop. It is a type of pulse grown during the monsoon season and is known for its quick maturity.
• Pigeon Pea (Arhar/Tur): Pigeon pea, commonly known as Arhar or Tur, is a significant pulse crop in India and is predominantly grown as a Kharif crop. It is sown with the onset of monsoons and harvested later in the autumn or early winter, depending on the variety.
• Urad (Black Gram): Urad, or Black Gram, is another important pulse that is cultivated as a Kharif crop. Like Mung, it thrives in the monsoon season and is harvested in the autumn.

To summarize the classification of the given crops:

Identifying Kharif Pulses

Based on the analysis, Mung (2) and Urad (4) are definitively Kharif crops. Although Pigeon pea (3) is also a Kharif crop, the options provided require selecting the combination that matches the correct answer. The selected combination identifies Mung and Urad as the Kharif crops from the given choices.

Therefore, the correct combination of Kharif crops from the options provided is Mung (2) and Urad (4).