Which of the following are correct in respect of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)? 1. It is caused by the release of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin from dying $E. coli$ bacteria. 2. It is same as bacteraemia. 3. It results in Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS). 4. White cell counts of more than $12\times10^9$/litre are present. Select the answer using the code given below.
SIRS Diagnostic Criteria Analysis
Let's analyze each statement regarding Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS):
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Statement 1: Correct. The release of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, particularly from dying Gram-negative bacteria like $E. coli$, is a potent trigger for SIRS. This endotoxin initiates a widespread inflammatory cascade.
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Statement 2: Incorrect. SIRS is a clinical syndrome characterized by widespread inflammation. Bacteraemia refers specifically to the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. While bacteraemia can cause SIRS, they are not the same condition. SIRS can also be triggered by non-infectious causes.
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Statement 3: Correct. SIRS represents a significant systemic inflammatory state. If this inflammation is severe or prolonged and leads to impaired organ function, it progresses to Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS).
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Statement 4: Correct. One of the key diagnostic criteria for SIRS involves abnormal white blood cell (leukocyte) counts. Specifically, a count of more than $12\times10^9$/litre is considered indicative of SIRS. Other criteria include counts less than $4\times10^9$/litre or more than 10% immature neutrophils (bands).
Selecting the Correct Option
Based on the analysis, statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct. Therefore, the correct option is the one that includes these three statements.
The correct option is C, which lists statements 1, 3, and 4.
Important Questions from Types of Shock & Treatment
Distributive shock is described by which of the following patterns of cardio- vascular responses?
1. Vasodilation
2. Reduced resistance peripheral vascular
3. Inadequate 'afterload'
4. Low cardiac output
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- The best measure of organ perfusion and the best monitor of adequacy of shock therapy is
- The capillary refill time is prolonged in all types of shock EXCEPT:
- The following are features of hypovolemic shock except:
- Regarding haemorrhagic shock, which one of the following statements is correct?
