The question asks about the Mauryan ruler known by the special titles ‘Devanampiya’ and ‘Piyadassi’. These titles are significant in understanding the history of the Mauryan Empire and its rulers.

Identifying the Mauryan Ruler with Devanampiya and Piyadassi Titles

The titles ‘Devanampiya’ and ‘Piyadassi’ are primarily associated with one prominent ruler of the Mauryan dynasty. Let's look at the options provided and determine which one fits this description.

• Asoka: Historical evidence, particularly his numerous rock and pillar edicts spread across the Mauryan Empire, extensively uses the titles ‘Devanampiya’ and ‘Piyadassi’ when referring to the ruler. ‘Devanampiya’ translates to "Beloved of the Gods," and ‘Piyadassi’ means "He who looks upon with affection" or "Pleasing to behold." These titles are unique identifiers found in Asoka's inscriptions, linking him directly to these appellations.
• Chandragupta Maurya: Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Mauryan Empire. While he was a powerful ruler, historical records, including accounts from Greek writers like Megasthenes, do not associate him with the titles ‘Devanampiya’ and ‘Piyadassi’.
• Bindusara: Bindusara was the son of Chandragupta Maurya and the father of Asoka. He was also a Mauryan emperor. However, the titles ‘Devanampiya’ and ‘Piyadassi’ are not attributed to Bindusara in historical sources or inscriptions.
• Ram Gupta: Ram Gupta is a ruler associated with the Gupta dynasty, which came much later than the Mauryan Empire. He is not a Mauryan ruler, and these titles are not associated with him.

Based on the historical evidence, particularly the edicts, it is clear that the Mauryan ruler associated with the titles ‘Devanampiya’ and ‘Piyadassi’ is Asoka.

Significance of the Titles 'Devanampiya' and 'Piyadassi'

The use of these titles in Asoka's inscriptions reflects aspects of his personality and his approach to kingship and governance. 'Devanampiya' suggests a divine favour or a connection to the gods, while 'Piyadassi' emphasizes his benevolent and compassionate nature towards his subjects. These titles helped shape the image of Asoka as a righteous and beloved ruler.

Historical Context of Mauryan Ruler Asoka

Asoka was one of the most important rulers of ancient India. After witnessing the brutality of the Kalinga War, he embraced Buddhism and dedicated his life to promoting Dhamma (righteousness, social welfare, and moral conduct) throughout his vast empire. His edicts, inscribed on pillars and rocks, are the primary source of information about his reign, policies, and his use of the titles ‘Devanampiya’ and ‘Piyadassi’.

Therefore, the Mauryan ruler specifically associated with the titles ‘Devanampiya’ and ‘Piyadassi’ is Asoka.

Revision Table: Mauryan Ruler Titles

Additional Information: Asoka's Edicts and the Mauryan Empire

Asoka's edicts are invaluable historical records. They are found in various parts of the Indian subcontinent, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Written in different scripts and languages (like Brahmi, Kharosthi, Greek, and Aramaic), they provide insights into:

• Asoka's conversion to Buddhism after the Kalinga War.
• His concept of Dhamma and its propagation.
• His administrative policies and welfare measures.
• Instructions to his officials.
• His relationship with neighboring kingdoms.

These edicts are often categorized as Major Rock Edicts, Minor Rock Edicts, Pillar Edicts, and Minor Pillar Edicts. The titles ‘Devanampiya’ and ‘Piyadassi’ consistently appear in these inscriptions, making them key to identifying the ruler as Asoka.

The Mauryan Empire (c. 322–185 BCE) was one of the largest empires of ancient India. Founded by Chandragupta Maurya, it was a period of significant political unification and administrative development. Asoka's reign marked its zenith in terms of territorial extent and cultural influence, largely due to his efforts in spreading Dhamma and his extensive public works.