Understanding the Indian Independence League

The question asks about the formation location of the Indian Independence League in the year 1907. Nationalist movements aimed at securing India's freedom from British rule were active both within India and among Indian communities living abroad. These overseas movements played a significant role in garnering international support and organizing revolutionary activities.

Formation of Indian Independence League in 1907

Several organizations were formed outside India with the goal of achieving independence. One such organization was the Indian Independence League. While the name "Indian Independence League" was associated with various groups over time, the one formed in 1907, as mentioned in the question, was established in a specific location outside India.

Analyzing the Formation Location

Let's look at the options provided:

• A. Surat: Surat is in India and was the location of a significant Indian National Congress split in 1907, but not the formation place of the Indian Independence League mentioned here.
• B. Calcutta: Calcutta (now Kolkata) was a major center of nationalist activity in India, but not the specific location abroad for this league's formation in 1907.
• C. California: California in the United States was a hub for Indian immigrants and revolutionaries, and a significant nationalist organization was indeed formed there around this time.
• D. Berlin: Berlin, Germany, also became a center for Indian revolutionaries during World War I, but the specific formation in 1907 referred to in the question points elsewhere.

Historical records indicate that revolutionary activities among Indian expatriates in North America, particularly on the West Coast of the United States and Canada, led to the formation of nationalist groups. The organization that later evolved into or was associated with the Ghadr Party had roots in groups formed in locations like California around 1907.

The specific Indian Independence League formed in 1907 that is referenced here was established in California, USA. This league was a precursor to or closely associated with the Ghadr Movement, which became a powerful force among Indian immigrants advocating for India's independence.

Conclusion on Formation Location

Based on historical information regarding the formation of Indian nationalist organizations abroad in 1907, the Indian Independence League referenced in the question was formed in California.

Revision Table: Key Facts

Additional Information: The Ghadr Movement Connection

The organization formed in California in 1907, often referred to by different names initially (like the Indo-American Association or the Pacific Coast Hindustani Association), laid the groundwork for the later Ghadr Party, which was formally established in 1913. The Ghadr movement was primarily based among Punjabi immigrants in the United States and Canada and aimed to incite rebellion in India against British rule. Leaders like Lala Hardayal were prominent figures associated with this movement. While the name "Indian Independence League" was also used for other organizations at different times and places (for example, by Subhas Chandra Bose in Southeast Asia during World War II), the 1907 formation in California is a notable early instance of organized nationalist activity among Indians in North America.