When and where was the demand for "Purna Swaraj" or complete independence made by the Indian National Congress?
Lahore, 1929
Understanding the Purna Swaraj Demand by Indian National Congress
The demand for "Purna Swaraj," meaning complete independence, was a pivotal moment in India's freedom struggle. Prior to this, the Indian National Congress had primarily sought Dominion Status within the British Empire. The shift to demanding complete independence marked a significant change in the objectives of the national movement.
When and Where Purna Swaraj was Demanded
The historic demand for Purna Swaraj was officially made by the Indian National Congress at its annual session held in Lahore in 1929.
- This session was presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru.
- The Lahore Session declared that the goal of the Indian people was complete independence from British rule.
- Following this resolution, January 26, 1930, was observed as "Purna Swaraj Day," when the Declaration of Indian Independence was publicly read and a pledge was taken.
- This date, January 26, was later chosen as the date for the Indian Republic Day, marking the adoption of the Constitution of India.
Analyzing the Options
Let's look at why the other options are incorrect in the context of the Purna Swaraj demand:
- Bombay, 1885: The Indian National Congress was founded in Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1885. This session was focused on establishing the organization, not demanding complete independence.
- Kheda, 1917: Kheda Satyagraha was a peasant movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in the Kheda district of Gujarat in 1917-1918. It was a local struggle against revenue collection policies, not the declaration of Purna Swaraj by the Congress.
- Bombay, 1942: The Quit India Movement resolution was passed by the Congress in Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1942. While this movement demanded the immediate end of British rule, the formal demand for "Purna Swaraj" as the stated goal was made much earlier in 1929.
Therefore, the correct answer identifying the time and place of the Purna Swaraj demand by the Indian National Congress is Lahore, 1929.
Revision Table: Key Congress Sessions and Demands
| Year | Location | Significance / Demand |
|---|---|---|
| 1885 | Bombay | Formation of Indian National Congress |
| 1929 | Lahore | Demand for Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) |
| 1942 | Bombay | Quit India Movement Resolution |
Additional Information on Purna Swaraj
The concept of Purna Swaraj was a significant ideological shift for the Indian National Congress. It represented a clear rejection of the idea of self-rule under British dominion and articulated the aspiration for full sovereignty. The resolution passed at the Lahore Session in 1929 was not just a political statement but also served to galvanize the nationalist movement and prepare the people for the struggle ahead to achieve this goal of complete independence.
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