What is the term used in ‘Ain-i-Akbari’ to describe land that has been fallow for three or four years?
(c) Chachar
Understanding Land Classification in Ain-i-Akbari
The 'Ain-i-Akbari', a detailed document from the reign of Emperor Akbar, provides valuable insights into the administration and revenue system of the Mughal Empire. One important aspect it covers is the classification of land based on its cultivation status and productivity. This classification was crucial for determining the land revenue assessment.
Land Classification Terms in Ain-i-Akbari
'Ain-i-Akbari' categorizes land primarily into four types based on how frequently it was cultivated:
- Polaj: This was the most fertile type of land. It was cultivated every year, for every crop, and was never allowed to lie fallow.
- Parauti: This land was not cultivated every year. It was left fallow for a short period (typically one or two years) to allow the soil to recover its fertility.
- Chachar: This land had been left fallow for a longer period compared to Parauti, specifically for three or four years. This longer fallow period was needed for the land to regain its productivity.
- Banjir: This was the least fertile land type. It remained uncultivated for five years or more, or was essentially barren land. Efforts were sometimes made to bring Banjir land under cultivation by providing incentives.
The question asks for the term used to describe land that has been fallow for three or four years according to 'Ain-i-Akbari'. Based on the definitions above, the term that matches this description is Chachar.
| Term | Description (Fallow Period) |
|---|---|
| Polaj | Never fallow (cultivated every year) |
| Parauti | Fallow for 1-2 years |
| Chachar | Fallow for 3-4 years |
| Banjir | Fallow for > 5 years or barren |
Therefore, land that has been fallow for three or four years is known as Chachar in the context of 'Ain-i-Akbari'.
Revision Table: Ain-i-Akbari Land Types
| Classification Term | Cultivation Frequency / Fallow Period | Productivity |
|---|---|---|
| Polaj | Cultivated annually for every crop | Highest |
| Parauti | Fallow for 1-2 years to recover | High (after fallow) |
| Chachar | Fallow for 3-4 years | Moderate (requires longer rest) |
| Banjir | Uncultivated for > 5 years or barren | Low/Negligible |
Additional Information: Significance of Land Classification
The detailed land classification in 'Ain-i-Akbari' reflects the sophisticated agrarian administration of the Mughal Empire under Akbar. This system allowed the state to assess land revenue more accurately and fairly based on the actual productivity and cultivation status of the land. Different revenue rates and assessment methods were applied to each category of land, taking into account its capacity to yield crops. This system aimed to ensure stable revenue collection while also providing incentives for bringing less fertile land under cultivation. The descriptions in 'Ain-i-Akbari' provide valuable historical data for understanding agricultural practices, economic conditions, and state-society relations during that period.
Important Questions from Peasants, Zamindars and the State
Match List I with List II.
List I - Types of lands List II - Period of cultivation A. Banjar IV. Uncultivated for five years or more B. Parauti II. Left out of cultivation for a year C. Polaj I. Annually cultivated and never allowed to lie fallow D. Chachar III. Left fallow for three or four years Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
A group of rich peasants in North Bengal were known as
Who was the leader of the Santhal Rebellion?
The term ‘Dikus’ was used by the Santhals for
Which of the following statements are true about the Permanent Settlement? (A) The Permanent Settlement came into operation in 1773. (B) The revenue demand was fixed in perpetuity. (C) The zamindars were given proprietary rights over the land. (D) Failure in the timely payment of revenue led to the confiscation and auction of the estate. (E) Permanent Settlement was withdrawn within 20 years due to its unpopularity.
