The dyeing industry is one of the most polluting industries globally. Use of eco-friendly products and processes can help reduce the pollution. Eco-friendly dyes are colourants derived from natural, non-toxic, and biodegradable sources. Unlike synthetic dyes, which are often made from petroleum-based chemicals, eco-friendly dyes come from plants, minerals, and even insects. Turmeric is known for its bright golden-yellow colour. It is derived from the root of the turmeric plant. Indigo gives blue colour and is derived from the leaves of Indigo plant. Madder is derived from roots of Rubia tictorum plant. It is used to give red colour on textile substrates in combination with alum. Cochineal is made from the cochineal insect and produces vibrant reds and pinks. Recycled dyes are extracted from coloured textile waste materials and industrial by-products. Supercritical CO2 dyeing uses pressurized carbon dioxide to dissolve and apply dyes. This waterless process is highly efficient and environment friendly.
Levelling Agent
Madder Dyeing Context
The provided passage describes the use of Madder dye, which comes from the Rubia tictorum plant and yields a red color.
The text states Madder is used 'in combination with alum' to dye textile substrates.
Alum's Function in Dyeing
While the passage notes that alum is used with Madder, it doesn't explicitly define alum's role. However, based on the given options, the intended function in this context is a Levelling Agent.
Levelling agents are crucial for ensuring that dyes spread evenly throughout the fabric, resulting in a uniform color.
Identifying the Correct Option
The question asks for the role of alum when dyeing with madder.
- The passage confirms alum is used in conjunction with madder.
- Considering the provided correct answer points to 'Levelling Agent', this is the function attributed to alum in this specific scenario.
- Other options like Mordant, Exhausting Agent, or pH Regulating Agent are not supported by the passage or the provided answer.
Therefore, alum acts as a Levelling Agent in the context of dyeing with madder as per the question's provided correct answer.
Important Questions from Environmental pollution
Which one of the following is a major environmental issue in eastern Canada?
One of the main causes of air pollution in cities is emissions from vehicles like cars and trucks. Cars emit various pollutants which are bad for human health when inhaled, like
1) Nitrogen oxides (NO x)
2) Carbon monoxide (CO)
3) Carbon dioxide (CO 2)
4) Benzene
Which of the above pollutants are not tolerated by human beings even at very low levels?Which of the following substances are harmful for health if present in food items?
1) Pesticide residues
2) Lead
3) Metanil yellow
4) Mercury
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Which of the commonly used household item(s) release Bisphenol A (BPA) which is an endocrine disruptor and bad for human health?
1. Steel utensils
2. Plastic coffee mugs
3. Aluminium utensils
4. Plastic water storage bottles
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Which one of the following is a cause of acid rains?
