What demographic shift characterizes Brazil’s transition since the 1980s?
Falling birth and death rates
Since the early 1980s Brazil has moved into the later stages of the demographic transition model as urbanisation, women's education and family-planning access spread widely.
Total fertility fell sharply from around six children per woman in the 1960s to below replacement level in recent decades, sharply cutting the birth rate.
At the same time improvements in nutrition, sanitation, immunisation and healthcare pushed the death rate down and raised life expectancy.
Hence, the defining shift is a simultaneous fall in both birth and death rates.
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