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Question

Using the principal values of the inverse trigonometric functions, the sum of the maximum and minimum values of \(16\left((\sec^{-1}x)^2+(\text{cosec}^{-1}x)^2\right)\) is:

This question was previously asked in
HTET 2025 Level 1 PRT Question Paper (5-Jul-2026)
The correct answer is

\(22\pi^2\)

Let \(a=\sec^{-1}x\) and \(b=\text{cosec}^{-1}x\). For the principal branches, \(a\in[0,\pi]\setminus\{\pi/2\}\) and it is a standard identity that \(a+b=\dfrac{\pi}{2}\), so \(b=\dfrac{\pi}{2}-a\).

Let \(g(a)=a^2+b^2=a^2+\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-a\right)^2=2a^2-\pi a+\dfrac{\pi^2}{4}\).

This is a upward-opening parabola in \(a\) with vertex (minimum) at \(a=\dfrac{\pi}{4}\), which lies in the allowed domain \([0,\pi]\setminus\{\pi/2\}\).

Minimum value: \(g\left(\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=2\cdot\dfrac{\pi^2}{16}-\dfrac{\pi^2}{4}+\dfrac{\pi^2}{4}=\dfrac{\pi^2}{8}\).

Since the parabola opens upward, its maximum over \([0,\pi]\) occurs at an endpoint. Compare \(g(0)=\dfrac{\pi^2}{4}\) with \(g(\pi)=2\pi^2-\pi^2+\dfrac{\pi^2}{4}=\dfrac{5\pi^2}{4}\).

Since \(\dfrac{5\pi^2}{4}>\dfrac{\pi^2}{4}\), the maximum value is \(g(\pi)=\dfrac{5\pi^2}{4}\).

Sum of maximum and minimum of \(a^2+b^2\): \(\dfrac{5\pi^2}{4}+\dfrac{\pi^2}{8}=\dfrac{10\pi^2+\pi^2}{8}=\dfrac{11\pi^2}{8}\).

Multiplying by 16: \(16\times\dfrac{11\pi^2}{8}=22\pi^2\).

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Important Questions from Inverse Trigonometric Functions

  1. What is \(1+\sin ^2\left(\cos ^{-1}\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{17}}\right)\right)\) equal to ?

  2. What is 2 cot \(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cos ^{-1} \frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\right)\) equal to ?

  3. Consider the following statements:

    1. There exists \({\rm{\theta }} \in \left( { - \frac{{\rm{\pi }}}{2},\frac{{\rm{\pi }}}{2}} \right)\) for which tan -1 (tan θ) ≠ θ

    2. \({\sin ^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{1}{3}} \right) - {\sin ^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{1}{5}} \right) = {\sin ^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{{2\sqrt 2 \left( {\sqrt 3 - 1} \right)}}{{15}}} \right)\)

    Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  4. Consider the following statements:

    1. \({\tan ^{ - 1}}{\rm{x}} + {\tan ^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{1}{{\rm{x}}}} \right) = {\rm{\pi }}\)

    2. There exist x, y ∈ [-1, 1], where x ≠ y such that sin -1 x + cos -1 \({\rm{y}} = \frac{{\rm{\pi }}}{2}\)

    Which of the above statements is/are correct?
  5. The value of \({\rm{tan}}\left( {2{{\tan }^{ - 1}}\frac{1}{5} - \frac{\pi }{4}} \right)\) is

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