Finding the Stationary Point
To find the stationary point, we first compute the first partial derivatives of $f(x,y) = x^2 + y^2 + xy - 8x - 7y$ and set them equal to zero.
- Partial derivative with respect to x:
$
\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}(x^2 + y^2 + xy - 8x - 7y) = 2x + y - 8
$
Setting this to zero gives the equation:
$
2x + y - 8 = 0 \implies 2x + y = 8 \quad (1)
$
- Partial derivative with respect to y:
$
\frac{\partial f}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(x^2 + y^2 + xy - 8x - 7y) = 2y + x - 7
$
Setting this to zero gives the equation:
$
x + 2y - 7 = 0 \implies x + 2y = 7 \quad (2)
$
Now, we solve the system of linear equations (1) and (2):
- Multiply equation (1) by 2:
$
4x + 2y = 16 \quad (3)
$
- Subtract equation (2) from equation (3):
$
(4x + 2y) - (x + 2y) = 16 - 7
$
$
3x = 9 \implies x = 3
$
- Substitute $x=3$ into equation (1):
$
2(3) + y = 8 \implies 6 + y = 8 \implies y = 2
$
The stationary point is $(3, 2)$.
Calculating the Hessian Matrix
Next, we find the second partial derivatives to form the Hessian matrix.
-
$
f_{xx} = \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x^2} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}(2x + y - 8) = 2
$
-
$
f_{yy} = \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial y^2} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(x + 2y - 7) = 2
$
-
$
f_{xy} = \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x \partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}(x + 2y - 7) = 1
$
(Note: $f_{yx} = \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial y \partial x} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(2x + y - 8) = 1$, so $f_{xy} = f_{yx}$)
The Hessian matrix $H$ is:
$
H(x,y) = \begin{pmatrix} f_{xx} & f_{xy} \\ f_{yx} & f_{yy} \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 \end{pmatrix}
$
Since the second derivatives are constant, the Hessian matrix is the same at all points, including the stationary point $(3, 2)$.
Determinant of the Hessian at the Stationary Point
Finally, we calculate the determinant of the Hessian matrix evaluated at the stationary point $(3, 2)$.
Determinant:
$
\det(H) = f_{xx}f_{yy} - (f_{xy})^2
$
$
\det(H) = (2)(2) - (1)^2
$
$
\det(H) = 4 - 1 = 3
$
The value of the determinant of the Hessian at the stationary point is 3.