All Exams Test series for 1 year @ ₹349 only
Question

The value of the determinant of the Hessian of $f(x,y) = x^2 + y^2 + xy - 8x - 7y$ at its stationary point is

The correct answer is
3

Finding the Stationary Point

To find the stationary point, we first compute the first partial derivatives of $f(x,y) = x^2 + y^2 + xy - 8x - 7y$ and set them equal to zero.

  • Partial derivative with respect to x: $ \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}(x^2 + y^2 + xy - 8x - 7y) = 2x + y - 8 $ Setting this to zero gives the equation: $ 2x + y - 8 = 0 \implies 2x + y = 8 \quad (1) $
  • Partial derivative with respect to y: $ \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(x^2 + y^2 + xy - 8x - 7y) = 2y + x - 7 $ Setting this to zero gives the equation: $ x + 2y - 7 = 0 \implies x + 2y = 7 \quad (2) $

Now, we solve the system of linear equations (1) and (2):

  1. Multiply equation (1) by 2: $ 4x + 2y = 16 \quad (3) $
  2. Subtract equation (2) from equation (3): $ (4x + 2y) - (x + 2y) = 16 - 7 $ $ 3x = 9 \implies x = 3 $
  3. Substitute $x=3$ into equation (1): $ 2(3) + y = 8 \implies 6 + y = 8 \implies y = 2 $

The stationary point is $(3, 2)$.

Calculating the Hessian Matrix

Next, we find the second partial derivatives to form the Hessian matrix.

  • $ f_{xx} = \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x^2} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}(2x + y - 8) = 2 $
  • $ f_{yy} = \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial y^2} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(x + 2y - 7) = 2 $
  • $ f_{xy} = \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x \partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}(x + 2y - 7) = 1 $ (Note: $f_{yx} = \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial y \partial x} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(2x + y - 8) = 1$, so $f_{xy} = f_{yx}$)

The Hessian matrix $H$ is:

$ H(x,y) = \begin{pmatrix} f_{xx} & f_{xy} \\ f_{yx} & f_{yy} \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 \end{pmatrix} $

Since the second derivatives are constant, the Hessian matrix is the same at all points, including the stationary point $(3, 2)$.

Determinant of the Hessian at the Stationary Point

Finally, we calculate the determinant of the Hessian matrix evaluated at the stationary point $(3, 2)$.

Determinant:

$ \det(H) = f_{xx}f_{yy} - (f_{xy})^2 $ $ \det(H) = (2)(2) - (1)^2 $ $ \det(H) = 4 - 1 = 3 $

The value of the determinant of the Hessian at the stationary point is 3.

Was this answer helpful?

Important Questions from Maxima & Minima

  1. The maximum value attained by the function \(f\left( x \right) = x\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x - 2} \right)\) in the interval [1, 2] is _____.

  2. The function ƒ(x) = 3x (x - 2) has:

  3. The minimum value of the function $f(x) = |x| + |2x + 3|$ for real $x$ is ________ (rounded off to 1 decimal place).
  4. A rectangular box with an open top has an outer surface area of 12 m$^2$. The length of the base is twice the width. If the volume of the box is to be maximised, then the ratio of length to height should be ____________. (answer in integer)
  5. A wire of length $L$ is cut into two pieces to construct a circle and an equilateral triangle such that the combined area is minimum. The length of the wire used to construct the circle is
Need Expert Advice?

Start Your Preparation with Prepp Mobile App

Download the app from Google Play & App Store
Download the app from Google Play & App Store
Prepp Mobile App