Protoplast Isolation Enzyme Identification
To isolate plant protoplasts, the protective cell wall must be removed enzymatically. The plant cell wall is primarily composed of cellulose and hemicellulose, with pectin often found in the middle lamella and cell wall matrix.
Key Enzymes for Protoplast Isolation
Enzymes targeting these structural components are essential:
- Cellulase: Degrades cellulose, a major structural polysaccharide in the plant cell wall.
- Pectinase: Breaks down pectin, important for middle lamella separation and cell wall loosening.
Selecting the Correct Enzyme Pair
Effective protoplast isolation typically requires a combination of enzymes to address the different components of the cell wall. Based on the composition:
- Cellulase is crucial for breaking down the cellulose framework.
- Pectinase aids in degrading the pectinaceous matrix, facilitating cell separation.
Therefore, the combination of Pectinase and Cellulase is commonly used for efficient isolation of protoplasts from plant tissues.
Important Questions from Plant Biochemistry Enzymes Reactions
- Match the following digestive enzymes in Column I with their respective functions in Column II.
Column I Column II P. Erepsin (i) converts proteins to peptides Q. Steapsin (ii) activates trypsinogen to trypsin R. Pepsin (iii) converts fat into fatty acid and glycerol S. Enterokinase (iv) converts polypeptides to amino acids - Match the proteins in Column I with the organs in which they are maximally expressed in Column II.
Column I Column II P. Keratin (i) Liver Q. Surfactants (ii) Pancreas R. Pro-carboxypeptidase (iii) Lung S. Albumin (iv) Skin Identify the free radicals (marked as '?') in sequence from the inter-conversion of reactive oxygen species as shown below.
$O_2\rightarrow? \rightarrow H_2O_2 \rightarrow? \rightarrow H_2O$
P. $\mathrm{O}_2^{\bullet -}$
Q. $OH^-$
R. $HO_2^{-}$
S. $\ {}^{1}\mathrm{O}_2$
- Choose the CORRECT set of matches between group I and group II in relation to nitrogen fixation and assimilation
GROUP I GROUP II P. Nitrobacter 1. $NO_3^-$ $\rightarrow$ $NO_2^-$ Q. Nitrite reductase 2. $N_2$ $\rightarrow$ $2NH_3$ R. Nitrogenase 3. $NO_2^-$ $\rightarrow$ $NH_4^+$ S. Nitrate reductase 4. $NO_2^-$ $\rightarrow$ $NO_3^-$ - Select the CORRECT combination by matching Group-I with Group-II.
Group-I Group-II P. Photorespiration 1. Glutamate $\rightarrow$ 2-Oxglutarate Q. Respiration 2. Acetyl-CoA $\rightarrow$ Malonyl-CoA R. Amino acid degradation 3. 2-Oxglutarate $\rightarrow$ Succinyl-CoA S. Fatty acid synthesis 4. Glycine $\rightarrow$ Serine
