Understanding the Treaty of Purandar (1665)

The question asks about the two main individuals who signed the significant Treaty of Purandar in 1665. This treaty was a crucial event in the history of the Maratha Empire and the Mughal Empire's expansion in the Deccan region.

The Treaty of Purandar was signed between Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of the Maratha Empire, and a representative of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. The Mughal representative was sent specifically to curb Shivaji's rising power.

Who Signed the Treaty of Purandar with Shivaji?

To find the correct answer, we need to identify the Mughal general who was sent by Aurangzeb to campaign against Shivaji and negotiate or enforce a treaty in 1665.

• Jai Singh I: Mirza Raja Jai Singh I was a senior general of the Mughal Empire and the ruler of the Kingdom of Amber (later Jaipur). Emperor Aurangzeb sent him to subdue Shivaji. Jai Singh I successfully besieged Purandar fort and compelled Shivaji to negotiate.
• Baji Rao: Baji Rao I was a Peshwa of the Maratha Empire much later than Shivaji's time (18th century). He was not involved in the 1665 treaty.
• Dara Shikoh: Dara Shikoh was a brother of Aurangzeb and was involved in the war of succession before Aurangzeb became emperor. He was not associated with the campaign against Shivaji in 1665.
• Nader Shah: Nader Shah was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty in Persia and invaded India much later in the 18th century (1739). He had no connection to the Treaty of Purandar in 1665.

Based on historical records, the treaty was negotiated and signed between Chhatrapati Shivaji and Mirza Raja Jai Singh I, representing the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.

Key Terms of the Treaty of Purandar, 1665

The Treaty of Purandar had significant consequences for Shivaji and the Marathas. Some of the key terms included:

• Shivaji had to cede 23 of his forts to the Mughals, retaining only 12.
• Shivaji had to agree to pay a visit to the Mughal court at Agra.
• Shivaji's son, Sambhaji, was granted a mansab (military rank and land grant) in the Mughal service.
• Shivaji had to help the Mughals in their campaigns, particularly against the Sultanate of Bijapur.

This treaty temporarily brought Shivaji under Mughal suzerainty, although he later escaped from Agra and resumed his independent activities.

Conclusion

The historical evidence clearly indicates that the Treaty of Purandar in 1665 was signed between Chhatrapati Shivaji and Mirza Raja Jai Singh I.

Revision Table: Treaty of Purandar

Additional Information: Mirza Raja Jai Singh I

Mirza Raja Jai Singh I was a very capable and respected Mughal general. He was known for his diplomatic skills and military prowess. His campaign against Shivaji in 1665 was highly successful from the Mughal perspective at the time, leading to the Treaty of Purandar. He was a key figure in Mughal politics and military campaigns during the reigns of Jahangir, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb.

Understanding the individuals involved and the terms of such treaties is important for studying the complex relationship between the Marathas and the Mughals during the 17th century.