The question asks to identify the scientific discipline focused on the examination and analysis of soil. Let's break down the options to find the correct field of study.
Pedology is the branch of soil science that deals specifically with the formation, classification, distribution, and description of soil bodies. It involves understanding the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil and how they develop over time.
To confirm Pedology is the correct answer, let's look at why the other choices are not suitable:
Based on the definitions, the study involving the examination and analysis of soil is definitively Pedology.
| List-I | List-II |
| Electronic Configuration | First Ionisation energy (kJ mol$^{-1}$) |
| (A). ns$^2$ | (I). 2100 |
| (B). ns$^2$np$^1$ | (II). 1400 |
| (C). ns$^2$np$^3$ | (III). 800 |
| (D). ns$^2$np$^6$ | (IV). 900 |
| List-I | List-II |
| Spectroscopy | Property |
| (A). Raman | (I). Polarizability |
| (B). FTIR | (II). Dipole Moment |
| (C). UV-Visible | (III). Absorbance |
| (D). NMR | (IV). Spin |