Raschig Reaction and Product Identification

The question requires identifying compounds P, Q, and R based on a sequence of chemical reactions starting with the Raschig reaction.

Step 1: Formation of Compound P via Raschig Reaction

The Raschig reaction involves the partial oxidation of ammonia ($NH_3$) using sodium hypochlorite ($NaOCl$). This specific reaction is known to produce hydrazine ($N_2H_4$).

Reaction: $2NH_3 + NaOCl \rightarrow N_2H_4 + NaCl + H_2O$

Therefore, the intermediate compound P is identified as hydrazine ($N_2H_4$).

Step 2: Reaction of P with $KIO_3$ and $HCl$

The identified compound P ($N_2H_4$) reacts further when treated with potassium iodate ($KIO_3$) and hydrochloric acid ($HCl$). This is a redox reaction.

Analysis of the reaction products:

• Hydrazine ($N_2H_4$) contains nitrogen in the oxidation state of -2. As a reducing agent, it gets oxidized, typically forming nitrogen gas ($N_2$). This corresponds to compound Q.
• Potassium iodate ($KIO_3$) acts as the oxidizing agent. In the acidic solution provided by $HCl$, the iodate ion ($IO_3^-$) containing iodine in the +5 oxidation state is reduced.
• The reaction environment includes chloride ions ($Cl^-$) from $HCl$. Under these conditions, the reduced iodine species combine with chloride to form iodine monochloride ($ICl$). This corresponds to compound R.

The reaction yields $KCl$, water ($H_2O$), nitrogen gas ($N_2$) as Q, and iodine monochloride ($ICl$) as R.

Step 3: Final Identification of P, Q, and R

Based on the established reaction pathways:

• P = $N_2H_4$ (Hydrazine)
• Q = $N_2$ (Nitrogen gas)
• R = $ICl$ (Iodine monochloride)

These identified compounds match Option B.