The passage below is accompanied by four questions. Based on the passage, choose the best answer for each question.
This book takes the position that setting in literature is more than just backdrop, that important insight into literary texts can be made by paying close attention to how authors craft place, as well as to how place functions in a narrative. The authors included in this reference work engage deeply with either real or imagined geographies. They care about how human decisions have shaped landscapes and how landscapes have shaped human practices and values. Some of the best writing is highly vivid, employing the language of the senses because this is the primary means through which humans know physical space.
Literature can offer valuable perspectives on physical and cultural geography. Unlike scientific reports, a literary narrative can provide the emotional component missing from the scientific record. In human experience, geographical places have a spiritual or emotional component in addition to and as part of a physical layout and topography. This emotional component, although subjective, is no less “real” than a surveyor’s map. Human consciousness of place is experienced in a multimodal manner. Histories of places live on in many forms, one of which is the human memory or imagination.
Both real and imaginary landscapes provide insight into the human experience of place. The pursuit of such a topic speaks to the valuable knowledge produced from bridging disciplines and combining material from both the arts and the sciences to better understand the human condition. The perspectives that most concern cultural geographers are often those regarding movement and migration, cultivation of natural resources, and organization of space. The latter two reflect concerns of the built environment, a topic shared with the field of architectural study. Many of these concerns are also reflected in work sociologists do. Scholars from literary studies can contribute an aesthetic dimension to what might otherwise be a purely ideological approach.
Literature can bring together material that spans different branches of science. For example, a literary description of place may involve not only the environment and geography but the noises and quality of light, or how people from different races or classes can experience the same place in different ways linked to those racial or class disparities. Literary texts can also account for the way in which absence—of other people, animals, and so on—affects a human observer or inhabitant. Both literary and scientific approaches to place are necessary, working in unison, to achieve a complete record of an environment. It is important to note that the interdisciplinary nature of this work teaches us that landscapes are not static, that they are not unchanged by human culture. At least part of their identity derives from the people who inhabit them and from the way space can alter and inspire human perspective. The intersection of scientific and literary expression that happens in the study of literary geography is of prime importance due to the complexity of the personal and political ways that humans experience place.
literature can convey how different people experience the same place differently.
The example appears where the author argues that literature can bring together material from different branches of science.
A literary description, the author says, can cover environment and geography, noise and light, and how people of different races or classes experience the same place in different ways.
The point the example drives at is that literature captures the human, varied experience of a place that a purely scientific record misses, which is best expressed by how different people experience the same place differently.
The effect of absence is introduced separately with "Literary texts can also account for", architects are not discussed, and the passage never ranks science above literature.
Hence, literature can convey how different people experience the same place differently.
A comprehensive understanding of the human condition can best be achieved by combining the findings of disciplines from the arts and the sciences.
The statement says that bridging disciplines and combining material from the arts and the sciences produces valuable knowledge that helps us better understand the human condition.
The goal is understanding the human condition, and the means is combining the arts and the sciences.
The first and third choices reverse or scramble the goal and the means, and the second makes the arts and sciences the thing to be understood.
Hence, A comprehensive understanding of the human condition can best be achieved by combining the findings of disciplines from the arts and the sciences.
The emotional and spiritual experience of a place can replace a surveyor’s map
The second paragraph says places have a spiritual or emotional component in addition to and as part of their physical layout, and this component is no less real than a surveyor’s map.
Being as real as the map does not mean it can replace the map; the passage treats the two as complementary.
The other choices match the paragraph: the emotional side is as real, literature conveys how people relate emotionally to a place, and histories live on in memory or imagination.
Hence, The emotional and spiritual experience of a place can replace a surveyor’s map.
humans do not interact with places in subjective, emotional ways because places are only physical topography.
For each statement, imagine it is false and check whether that false version clashes with the passage.
If it is false that humans do not interact with places emotionally, then humans do interact with places in subjective, emotional ways, which is exactly what the passage argues; so its falsity contradicts nothing.
If literature gave no insight into movement and migration, if descriptions needed visual aids to feel real, or if vivid sensory writing could not capture multimodal experience, each would clash with the passage.
Hence, humans do not interact with places in subjective, emotional ways because places are only physical topography.
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Identify the odd sentence out and key in the number of that sentence as your answer.
The last paragraph of the passage refers to “middle-class, white, professional men”. Which one of the following qualities best describes the connection among them?
Study the following sets of concepts and identify the set that is conceptually closest to the concerns and arguments of the passage.
According to the passage, who or what was an “alienist”?
“Conversely, when a defendant struck officials as unlike themselves, whether by dint of disease, gender, confession, or race, the precariousness of judgments about mental state was exposed.” Which one of the following best describes the use of the word “confession” in this sentence?
According to the incentive or moral hazard argument, which one of the designs below is most consistent with the claim that some inequality can raise growth?
Which one of the options below best summarises the passage?
The primary function of the three-part case for a positive income inequality–economic growth link in the first half of the passage is to show that:
The passage refers to "democratization". Choose the one option below that comes closest to the opposite of this process.
Important Questions from Non Grammar
- In formulating Principle VI (a), the ILC clarified the term "waging of a war of aggression" because:
- The author attributes the growing public frustration with the UN primarily to which pair of continuous failures?
- A primary point of divergence between the US Conservative position and the Secretary-General's Conservative position on security matters, according to the summary is:
- According to the critique's conclusion, the immediate, insurmountable barrier preventing the implementation of any reform, major or minor, is:
- The Secretary-General's 'Agenda for Peace' proposed a specific military capability intended to address the gap between traditional peace-keeping and full military action. This proposed unit was explicitly characterized by the summary as being:
