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Question

The number of three English letter words, having at least one consonant, but not having two consecutive consonants, is

The correct answer is
3780

Three-Letter Word Constraint Analysis

The goal is to count the number of three-letter English words that meet specific criteria:

  • Must contain at least one consonant.
  • Must not contain two consecutive consonants.

Alphabet Vowel Consonant Counts

We define the sets of vowels and consonants in the English alphabet:

  • Number of vowels (V): 5 (A, E, I, O, U)
  • Number of consonants (C): 21 (All other letters)
  • Total letters: 26

Valid Structures No Consecutive Consonants

For a three-letter word, the condition of having no two consecutive consonants eliminates structures like CCC, CCV, VCC. The possible valid structures are:

  • CVC: Consonant - Vowel - Consonant
  • CVV: Consonant - Vowel - Vowel
  • VCV: Vowel - Consonant - Vowel
  • VVC: Vowel - Vowel - Consonant

The structure VVV (all vowels) is considered but ruled out by the "at least one consonant" condition.

Calculating Word Counts per Structure

We calculate the number of possible words for each valid structure:

  • CVC Structure: The number of possibilities is the product of the counts for each position. Calculation: $N(C) \times N(V) \times N(C) = 21 \times 5 \times 21 = 2205$.
  • CVV Structure: Calculation: $N(C) \times N(V) \times N(V) = 21 \times 5 \times 5 = 525$.
  • VCV Structure: Calculation: $N(V) \times N(C) \times N(V) = 5 \times 21 \times 5 = 525$.
  • VVC Structure: Calculation: $N(V) \times N(V) \times N(C) = 5 \times 5 \times 21 = 525$.

Total Word Count Summation

To find the total number of words satisfying all conditions, sum the counts from the valid structures (CVC, CVV, VCV, VVC):

Total Words = $2205 + 525 + 525 + 525$

Total Words = $2205 + 1575 = 3780$.

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Important Questions from Permutation and Combination (Notes)

  1. In how many ways can 10 men be divided into two groups of 4 men and 6 men?
  2. How many 5-digit numbers can be formed from the digits 0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 9, using each at most once, which are divisible by 5?
  3. In how many ways can you place $N$ coins on a board with $N$ rows and $N$ columns such that every row and every column contains exactly one coin?
  4. From a group of 40 players, a cricket team of 11 players is chosen. Then, one of the eleven is chosen as the captain of the team. The total number of ways this can be done is
    [$\binom{m}{n}$ below means the number of ways $n$ objects can be chosen from $m$ objects]
  5. The maximum number of points formed by intersection of all pairs of diagonals of convex octagon is
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