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Question

The number of three English letter words, having at least one consonant, but not having two consecutive consonants, is

The correct answer is
3780

Three-Letter Word Constraint Analysis

The goal is to count the number of three-letter English words that meet specific criteria:

  • Must contain at least one consonant.
  • Must not contain two consecutive consonants.

Alphabet Vowel Consonant Counts

We define the sets of vowels and consonants in the English alphabet:

  • Number of vowels (V): 5 (A, E, I, O, U)
  • Number of consonants (C): 21 (All other letters)
  • Total letters: 26

Valid Structures No Consecutive Consonants

For a three-letter word, the condition of having no two consecutive consonants eliminates structures like CCC, CCV, VCC. The possible valid structures are:

  • CVC: Consonant - Vowel - Consonant
  • CVV: Consonant - Vowel - Vowel
  • VCV: Vowel - Consonant - Vowel
  • VVC: Vowel - Vowel - Consonant

The structure VVV (all vowels) is considered but ruled out by the "at least one consonant" condition.

Calculating Word Counts per Structure

We calculate the number of possible words for each valid structure:

  • CVC Structure: The number of possibilities is the product of the counts for each position. Calculation: $N(C) \times N(V) \times N(C) = 21 \times 5 \times 21 = 2205$.
  • CVV Structure: Calculation: $N(C) \times N(V) \times N(V) = 21 \times 5 \times 5 = 525$.
  • VCV Structure: Calculation: $N(V) \times N(C) \times N(V) = 5 \times 21 \times 5 = 525$.
  • VVC Structure: Calculation: $N(V) \times N(V) \times N(C) = 5 \times 5 \times 21 = 525$.

Total Word Count Summation

To find the total number of words satisfying all conditions, sum the counts from the valid structures (CVC, CVV, VCV, VVC):

Total Words = $2205 + 525 + 525 + 525$

Total Words = $2205 + 1575 = 3780$.

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Important Questions from Permutation and Combination (Notes)

  1. In how many ways can you place $N$ coins on a board with $N$ rows and $N$ columns such that every row and every column contains exactly one coin?
  2. The number of three digit PINs, in which the third digit is the sum of the first two digits, is
  3. How many four-digit ATM PINs which read the same from left to right and right to left are possible?
  4. There are 8 different symbols. A code is formed by selecting 5 symbols such that each symbol can be used only once (that is, no symbol is repeated in the code). Also, the order of symbols matters. How many different codes can be formed ?
  5. Out of 5 consonants and 4 vowels, how many words of 3 consonants and 3 vowels can be made?
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