Particle Forces in States of Matter
The state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) depends on the strength of the forces of attraction between its particles. We need to compare these forces.
- Solids: Particles are tightly packed and vibrate in fixed positions. The forces holding them together are very strong. Hence, the forces are maximum.
- Liquids: Particles are close but can slide past each other. The forces are weaker than in solids but stronger than in gases. Hence, the forces are intermediate.
- Gases: Particles are far apart and move randomly with negligible attraction. Hence, the forces are minimum.
Based on this comparison, the forces of attraction between particles are maximum in solids, intermediate in liquids, and minimum in gases.
This corresponds to the sequence: maximum, intermediate, minimum.
Important Questions from States of Matter
A liquid is heated up to a certain temperature. Which one of the following situation would correspond to the boiling of the liquid?
Which one among the following oxides has the highest melting point?
Equal volume of all gases, when measured at the same temperature and pressure, contain an equal number of particles. Who proposed the above law?
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:
Code:List I (Noble gas)
List II (Use)
A. Argon
1. In lights for advertising display
B. Neon
2. Airport landing lights and in light houses
C. Krypton
3. Light in photographer’s flash gun
D. Xenon
4. In tungsten filament to last
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:
List I
(Process)
List II
(Type of change)
A. Heating of camphor
1. Chemical
B. Cooling of water vapor up to room temperature
2. Evaporation
C. Cooking an egg
3. Condensation
D. Formation of water vapor at room temperature.
4. Sublimation
