First Biological Sequence Database: Dayhoff & Eck's Contribution

Understanding the Question

This question asks to identify the very first biological sequence database created. It specifically mentions the developers, Dayhoff and Eck, and the year 1965. The key terms are "first ever biological sequence database".

Analyzing the Options

The options provided are:

• 1. Atlas of Protein sequence and structure
• 2. Atlas of DNA sequence and structure
• 3. Atlas of RNA sequence and structure
• 4. Atlas of Protein and Nucleic acid sequence and structure

These options differ mainly in the type of biological molecule whose sequences they cover (Protein, DNA, RNA, or a combination).

Detailed Explanation

The field of bioinformatics relies heavily on curated databases of biological sequences. The pioneers in this area laid the groundwork for future research.

In 1965, Margaret O. Dayhoff, a biochemist, along with Richard V. Eck, initiated a project to collect and organize protein sequences. This groundbreaking effort resulted in the publication of the "Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure". This was one of the earliest, if not the very first, systematic compilations of biological sequence data available to the scientific community.

While modern databases encompass a vast range of molecules, including DNA and RNA, Dayhoff's initial focus was on proteins. Her work became a foundational resource for researchers studying protein evolution, function, and structure. Subsequent editions of the Atlas expanded its scope, but the 1965 publication established the concept of a sequence database.

Therefore, the "Atlas of Protein sequence and structure" correctly identifies the first biological sequence database developed by Dayhoff and Eck in 1965.