The first and second step of Dick and Carey Instructional Design Model is: (A) Development of instructional strategy (B) Instructional/learning goals (C) Instructional analysis (D) Performance Objectives Choose the correct answer from the options given below;
Understanding the Dick and Carey Instructional Design Model Steps
The Dick and Carey model is a well-known systematic approach to instructional design. It views instruction as a system, where components interact to achieve desired learning outcomes. Understanding the initial steps of this model is crucial for instructional designers.
The First Step: Identifying Instructional Goals
The very first step in the Dick and Carey instructional design model is to identify the instructional goals. This involves determining what skills, knowledge, and attitudes learners should acquire by the end of the instruction. These goals provide the foundation for the entire design process. They define the desired state of the learner after completing the learning experience.
- What should learners be able to do?
- What knowledge should they possess?
- What attitudes or perspectives should they develop?
These overarching goals guide all subsequent steps in the model.
The Second Step: Conducting Instructional Analysis
Once the instructional goals are established, the second critical step is to conduct an instructional analysis. This step involves breaking down the overall goal into smaller, more manageable steps or procedures. It's essentially a process of identifying the skills and knowledge required to achieve the instructional goal. This analysis can involve:
- Task analysis: Breaking down a skill into the steps needed to perform it.
- Concept analysis: Identifying the key characteristics and relationships of concepts.
- Information analysis: Determining the facts and principles necessary to understand a topic.
The output of the instructional analysis is a detailed description of the subskills and knowledge learners need to master.
Relating Steps to the Question Options
The question asks for the first and second steps of the Dick and Carey Instructional Design Model.
- Option (A) Development of instructional strategy: This is a later step, focusing on how the instruction will be delivered.
- Option (B) Instructional/learning goals: This aligns with the very first step of identifying goals.
- Option (C) Instructional analysis: This aligns with the second step, breaking down the goal.
- Option (D) Performance Objectives: While objectives are developed early, they are derived from the goals and analysis; goal identification and analysis typically precede the writing of specific performance objectives in the model's sequence.
Therefore, based on the standard Dick and Carey model sequence, the first step is identifying Instructional/learning goals (B) and the second step is conducting Instructional analysis (C).
| Step Number | Step Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify Instructional Goal(s) | Determine what learners should be able to do after instruction. |
| 2 | Conduct Instructional Analysis | Break down the goal into subskills and procedures. |
Revision Table: Key Dick and Carey Model Concepts
| Concept | Brief Description | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| Instructional Goal | The desired outcome or terminal performance expected from learners. | Sets the direction for the entire design process. |
| Instructional Analysis | Breaking down goals into specific subskills, knowledge, and attitudes. | Identifies the content and steps learners need to master. |
| Learner Analysis | Understanding the characteristics of the target audience. | Ensures instruction is appropriate for the learners. |
| Performance Objectives | Specific, measurable statements of what learners will do under given conditions with acceptable criteria. | Guide the development of assessments and strategies. |
Additional Information on the Dick and Carey Model
The Dick and Carey model is often referred to as a systems approach because it emphasizes the interdependencies between different components of the instructional process. It is a linear model, but feedback loops exist, meaning that information from later steps (like evaluation) can inform and revise earlier steps (like goals or analysis).
Following the initial steps of identifying goals and conducting instructional analysis, the model typically proceeds with:
- Analyzing learners and contexts.
- Writing performance objectives.
- Developing assessment instruments.
- Developing instructional strategy.
- Developing and selecting instructional materials.
- Designing and conducting formative evaluation of instruction.
- Revising instruction.
- Designing and conducting summative evaluation.
Understanding the sequence and purpose of each step, starting with instructional goals and analysis, is fundamental to applying this model effectively in instructional design.
Important Questions from Models of Instructional Design - Teaching
- Which of the following is NOT related to basic six components of ASSURE model:
- Which of the following approaches were proposed by 'Ivan Illich' for students to gain access to educational resources:
A. Expansion of schooling society
B. Preference services to educational objects
C. Skill exchanges
D. Peer matching
E. Reference services to educators at large
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: - Arrange the following Instructional Design Models in chronological order of their year of development:
A. ADDIE Model
B. Dick and Carey Model
C. Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction
D. 5Es Model of constructivism
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
