The DuPont approach breaks down the earnings power on the shareholders' book value (ROE) as
Net Profit Margin × Total Assets Turnover × Equity Multiplier
The three-factor DuPont identity is \(ROE=\frac{\text{Net income}}{\text{Sales}}\times\frac{\text{Sales}}{\text{Total assets}}\times\frac{\text{Total assets}}{\text{Equity}}\). These factors are net profit margin, total-assets turnover, and the equity multiplier; cancelling sales and assets gives net income divided by equity.
| List-I (Relief Materials) | List-II (Color Code) |
| A. Shelter | I. Yellow |
| B. Clothes | II. Khaki |
| C. Food | III. Red |
| D. Medicine | IV. Brown |
Which of the following is NOT a state function or state variable in a thermodynamic system?