Comprehension:

Read the following passage and answer the questions :

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by all United Nations States in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, represent a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity for all people. The 17 goals and 169 targets are interconnected, addressing critical issues such as poverty alleviation, zero hunger, quality education, gender equality, clean water and sanitation, affordable clean energy, decent work, reduced inequalities, and climate action. These goals balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection. The SDGs emphasize inclusivity, leaving no behind, and highlight the urgent need for global partnerships among governments, civil society, private sectors, and communities. For instance, Goal 13 on climate action calls for immediate steps to combat climate change and its impacts, while Goal 4 focuses on equitable, inclusive, and quality education. Achieving these goals requires strong institutional mechanisms, financing, innovation, and cooperation at local, national, and global levels. Progress on one goal often influences others, reflecting their integrating nature. Although significant advances have been made, challenges remain in areas such as poverty reduction, climate resilience, and reducing inequalities. There, the SDGs act not only as guiding principles but as measurable benchmarks for nations striving for sustainable futures.