Understanding Cantilever Beams

A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam's axis. Beams are characterized by the way they are supported. Different types of beams exist based on their support conditions.

Defining a Cantilever Beam

A cantilever beam is a specific type of beam characterized by its end supports. One end of a cantilever beam is rigidly supported, preventing both translation (movement) and rotation. This is known as a fixed end. The other end of a cantilever beam is completely unsupported, meaning it is free to translate and rotate. This is known as a free end.

Therefore, a cantilever beam has one end fixed and the other end free.

Comparing Beam Types

Let's look at how a cantilever beam compares to other common beam types based on their end conditions:

• Simply Supported Beam: Supported by a hinge at one end and a roller at the other. Both ends allow rotation but restrict translation.
• Fixed Beam: Both ends are rigidly fixed, preventing both translation and rotation at both ends.
• Cantilever Beam: One end is fixed, and the other end is free.
• Overhanging Beam: Similar to a simply supported beam, but extends beyond one or both supports.

Based on the definition and comparison, the description "one ________ end and other ________ end is known as cantilever beam" is completed by the terms "fixed" and "free". The fixed end prevents movement and rotation, while the free end allows both.

Analyzing the Options

• fixed, free: This matches the definition of a cantilever beam. One end is fixed (no movement or rotation), and the other is free (allows movement and rotation).
• fixed, hinged: This configuration describes a beam that is fixed at one end and supported by a hinge at the other. This is not a standard cantilever beam; it's sometimes referred to as a propped cantilever if the hinge support provides vertical reaction.
• hinged, free: This configuration is not a standard beam type. A hinge typically needs another support to maintain stability under general loading. A single hinge and a free end would be unstable.
• None of these: Since the first option correctly describes a cantilever beam, this option is incorrect.

Thus, the correct terms to complete the sentence describing a cantilever beam are "fixed" and "free".