The question asks to convert the 32-bit IEEE 754 single-precision hexadecimal representation $0xC2710000$ into its decimal equivalent.
Step 1: Convert Hexadecimal to Binary
First, convert the hexadecimal number $0xC2710000$ into its 32-bit binary representation:
- $C$ = $1100$
- $2$ = $0010$
- $7$ = $0111$
- $1$ = $0001$
- $0$ = $0000$
Combining these, the 32-bit binary representation is:
$11000010011100010000000000000000$
Step 2: Identify IEEE 754 Components
For a 32-bit single-precision float, the structure is:
- Sign bit: 1 bit (the most significant bit)
- Exponent bits: 8 bits
- Mantissa bits: 23 bits
Breaking down the binary representation:
- Sign bit (S): $1$
- Exponent bits (E): $10000100$
- Mantissa bits (M): $11100010000000000000000$
Step 3: Interpret the Sign Bit
The sign bit is $1$, which indicates that the number is negative.
Step 4: Interpret the Exponent Bits
The exponent bits are $10000100$.
- Convert this binary exponent to decimal:
$(1 \times 2^7) + (0 \times 2^6) + (0 \times 2^5) + (0 \times 2^4) + (0 \times 2^3) + (1 \times 2^2) + (0 \times 2^1) + (0 \times 2^0) = 128 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 0 = 132$
- The bias for single-precision floats is 127. Subtract the bias to find the actual exponent value (e):
$e = 132 - 127 = 5$
Step 5: Interpret the Mantissa Bits
The mantissa bits are $11100010000000000000000$.
- For normalized numbers (which this is, as the exponent is not all zeros or all ones), there is an implicit leading $1$ before the binary point. The value is represented as $1.M$.
- The binary value is $1.11100010000000000000000_2$.
- Convert the fractional part to decimal:
$(1 \times 2^{-1}) + (1 \times 2^{-2}) + (1 \times 2^{-3}) + (0 \times 2^{-4}) + \dots + (1 \times 2^{-7}) + \dots$
$= 0.5 + 0.25 + 0.125 + 0 + \dots + (1/128) + \dots$
$= 0.875 + 0.0078125 = 0.8828125$
- The value represented by the mantissa is $1 + 0.8828125 = 1.8828125$.
Step 6: Calculate the Decimal Value
The formula for the decimal value is $(-1)^S \times (\text{mantissa value}) \times 2^e$.
- Substitute the values:
$(-1)^1 \times 1.8828125 \times 2^5$
$= -1 \times 1.8828125 \times 32$
$= -60.25$
The number in decimal representation is $-60.25$. This is already rounded to two decimal places.