Teachers should encourage students to become ................. motivated learners and set ................. goals.
intrinsically, mastery oriented
Intrinsic motivation means learning because the task itself is interesting or satisfying, while extrinsic motivation depends on outside rewards such as marks, prizes or praise. Achievement goal theory, developed by Carol Dweck and others, separates mastery (learning) goals, which aim at understanding and improving one's competence, from performance goals, which aim at looking able or outperforming others.
Research consistently shows that intrinsically motivated learners with mastery goals persist longer, welcome challenges, treat mistakes as part of learning and understand material more deeply. So teachers should encourage students to be intrinsically motivated and to set mastery-oriented goals.
Pairing intrinsic motivation with performance goals keeps the focus on grades and comparison with others. Extrinsic motivation with mastery goals still makes learning depend on outside rewards, and extrinsic motivation with performance goals combines both weaker choices, encouraging rote work and fear of failure.
intrinsically, mastery oriented option is correct.
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