Swami Dayanand Saraswati and the Founding of Arya Samaj

The question asks about the organization founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati with the aim of reforming Hinduism.

Swami Dayanand Saraswati was a prominent Indian philosopher and social reformer. He believed in the infallibility of the Vedas and sought to reform Hinduism by returning to Vedic principles and practices, rejecting later interpretations and traditions he saw as corruptions.

Let's examine the options provided:

• Arya Samaj
• Adi Hindu Samaj
• Vedant Samaj
• Adi Dharam Samaj

Out of these options, the organization directly founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati for the purpose of reforming Hinduism was the Arya Samaj.

The Arya Samaj was founded in Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1875 by Swami Dayanand Saraswati. Its main objective was to revive Vedic dharma and purify Hinduism from various social and religious practices that had developed over time, such as idol worship, the caste system based on birth, child marriage, and sati. The movement stressed monotheism, equality of men and women, and the importance of education.

Therefore, the correct organization founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati is the Arya Samaj.

Understanding the Arya Samaj Foundation

Swami Dayanand Saraswati's efforts were part of a larger wave of social and religious reform movements in India during the 19th century. He travelled extensively, debating religious scholars and advocating for his views. His key teachings are compiled in his work, 'Satyarth Prakash' (The Light of Truth), which serves as a guide to the principles of Arya Samaj.

The Arya Samaj established schools and colleges, promoted Vedic education, and actively worked against social injustices. Its impact was significant, particularly in North India.

Revision Table: Swami Dayanand Saraswati & Arya Samaj

Additional Information: Hindu Reform Movements

The 19th century saw several movements aimed at reforming Hindu society and religion in response to internal issues and external influences. Some other notable movements include:

• Brahmo Samaj: Founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, later championed by Debendranath Tagore and Keshab Chandra Sen. Focused on monotheism, rationality, and opposed idol worship and caste.
• Ramakrishna Mission: Founded by Swami Vivekananda, inspired by his guru Ramakrishna Paramahansa. Focused on spiritual development, social service (seva), and the synthesis of different religious paths.
• Theosophical Society: While not exclusively a Hindu reform movement, it had a significant impact on Indian religious thought, particularly through Annie Besant, promoting ancient Indian spirituality.

Each movement had its unique focus and approach to reforming and revitalizing Hinduism, contributing to the diverse landscape of modern Indian thought.