Study the given statement and the conclusions carefully and decide which of the following conclusions follow(s) the given statement logically. Statement: The British introduced the postal system in India in 1764. Conclusions: I. Postal letters often are late, or they are lost. II. Postmen get less salary, so they tend to do mistakes.
Neither of the conclusions I or II follow
Analyzing Statements and Conclusions in Logical Reasoning
The question asks us to examine a given statement and two conclusions and determine which conclusion logically follows from the statement. This is a common type of logical reasoning problem where we must strictly adhere to the information provided in the statement and not introduce external knowledge or assumptions.
Understanding the Statement
The statement is:
- The British introduced the postal system in India in 1764.
This is a historical statement about the origin of the postal system in India. It provides a specific historical fact: who introduced it and when.
Analyzing Conclusion I
Conclusion I states:
- Postal letters often are late, or they are lost.
Does this conclusion logically follow from the statement that the British introduced the system in 1764? No. The statement is about the historical introduction of the system. Conclusion I is about the current performance and reliability of the postal system (lateness, loss of letters). The historical fact of its introduction does not provide any information or logical basis to conclude anything about its present-day efficiency or potential issues like delays or lost letters. There is no direct logical link between the historical origin and current operational problems.
Analyzing Conclusion II
Conclusion II states:
- Postmen get less salary, so they tend to do mistakes.
Does this conclusion logically follow from the statement that the British introduced the system in 1764? Again, no. The statement is a historical fact about the system's origin. Conclusion II makes claims about the salaries of current postal workers and their potential for making mistakes due to salary levels. The historical statement about the introduction does not contain any information about postmen's salaries, working conditions, or their propensity to make errors, either in the past or in the present. There is no logical connection between the historical fact and the claims made in this conclusion.
Determining Which Conclusions Follow
Based on the analysis:
- Conclusion I does not logically follow from the statement.
- Conclusion II does not logically follow from the statement.
Therefore, neither of the conclusions follows the given statement logically.
Summary of Analysis
| Element | Content | Logical Link to Statement? |
|---|---|---|
| Statement | British introduced postal system in India in 1764 | N/A (Premise) |
| Conclusion I | Postal letters are often late or lost | No. Statement is historical, conclusion is about current performance. |
| Conclusion II | Postmen get less salary and make mistakes | No. Statement is historical, conclusion is about current staff salaries/performance. |
In logical reasoning questions of this type, it is crucial to avoid using outside knowledge. The conclusions must be derivable *solely* from the information presented in the statement.
Revision Table: Statement and Conclusion Logic
| Concept | Explanation | Key Takeaway for Logic Problems |
|---|---|---|
| Statement | The premise or fact given, considered true within the problem context. | Accept as given, do not question its truthfulness. |
| Conclusion | A deduction or inference drawn from the statement. | Must be *logically* derived *only* from the statement. |
| Logical Follows | A conclusion follows if it is necessarily true whenever the statement is true. | Check if the conclusion *must* be true based *only* on the statement. |
| Outside Knowledge | Information not present in the statement but known from general awareness. | Must be ignored when checking if a conclusion *logically* follows. |
Additional Information: Types of Logical Reasoning
Logical reasoning often involves various types of questions, including:
- Statement and Conclusion: As seen in this problem, assessing logical deductions from given statements.
- Statement and Assumption: Identifying unstated premises upon which a statement relies.
- Statement and Argument: Evaluating the strength of arguments supporting or opposing a statement.
- Statement and Course of Action: Determining appropriate steps to take based on a given situation described in a statement.
- Syllogisms: Drawing conclusions from two or more premises.
Mastering these types requires careful attention to detail and strict adherence to the rules of logic, avoiding assumptions or external information.
Important Questions from Statements and Conclusions
A situation is given, followed by two conclusions I and II. Read the situation and both the conclusions carefully and select the correct answer.
Situation:
Since the past 15 years, 75% of the products in the world’s pottery market comes from Country K. However, the employment in the pottery industry of Country K has been consistently declining by 5-9% every year since the past 3 years.
Conclusions:
I. Even after declining employment, Country K has enough potters to continue contributing equally to the international market.
II. The local demand of pottery in Country K has substantially decreased leading to less interest among potters.
The statement below is followed by three conclusions labelled I, II and III. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, and then decide which of the three suggested conclusions logically follows for pursuing.
Statements:
1) No school is an institution but they are establishment.
2) All establishments that are not institutions have buildings.
Conclusions:
I. Schools are not establishments.
II. All schools have buildings.
III. Schools do not have buildings.Read the given statements and conclusion carefully and decide which of the following options is true with respect to the given conclusion.
Statements:
The Gateway of India is in Mumbai.
Mumbai is in India.
Conclusion:
The Gateway of India is in India.
Read the given statements and conclusion carefully and decide which of the following options is true with respect to the given conclusion.
Statements:
Men who are handsome are generally of the intellectual type.
Vikram is handsome.
Conclusion:
Vikram is intellectual.Given is a statement, followed by four conclusions. Read the statement carefully and decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the given statement.
Statement:
This book can help because all good books help.
Conclusions:
I. This is not a good book.
II. This is a good book.
III. No good book helps.
IV. Some good books help.
