Select the option that is related to the third term in the same way as the second term is related to the first term.
GL
Understanding Letter Analogies
Letter analogies test your ability to find the relationship between a pair of letters or groups of letters and apply that same relationship to another term to find the missing element. In this question, we need to understand how 'RY' is related to 'QZ' and then apply the same logic to 'HK'.
Analyzing the Relationship between RY and QZ
Let's look at the relationship between the individual letters in the first pair:
- The first letter of the first term is R, and the first letter of the second term is Q. R is the ${18}^{\text{th}}$ letter of the English alphabet, and Q is the ${17}^{\text{th}}$ letter. The relationship is R $\rightarrow$ Q, which means moving one position backward in the alphabet (${18} - {1} = {17}$).
- The second letter of the first term is Y, and the second letter of the second term is Z. Y is the ${25}^{\text{th}}$ letter of the English alphabet, and Z is the ${26}^{\text{th}}$ letter. The relationship is Y $\rightarrow$ Z, which means moving one position forward in the alphabet (${25} + {1} = {26}$).
Identifying the Pattern
Based on the analysis of the first pair (RY to QZ), the pattern is:
- For the first letter: Move one position backward in the alphabet.
- For the second letter: Move one position forward in the alphabet.
Applying the Pattern to the Third Term: HK
Now, we apply the same pattern to the third term, HK:
- For the first letter, H: Move one position backward in the alphabet. H is the ${8}^{\text{th}}$ letter. Moving one position back gives the ${7}^{\text{th}}$ letter, which is G.
- For the second letter, K: Move one position forward in the alphabet. K is the ${11}^{\text{th}}$ letter. Moving one position forward gives the ${12}^{\text{th}}$ letter, which is L.
Determining the Missing Term
By applying the pattern to H and K, we get the letters G and L respectively. Combining these gives us the term GL.
Comparing with the Options
The derived term GL matches one of the provided options.
| Term | First Letter | Pattern Applied | Resulting First Letter | Second Letter | Pattern Applied | Resulting Second Letter | Transformed Term |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RY | R (${18}^{\text{th}}$) | -1 Position | Q (${17}^{\text{th}}$) | Y (${25}^{\text{th}}$) | +1 Position | Z (${26}^{\text{th}}$) | QZ |
| HK | H (${8}^{\text{th}}$) | -1 Position | G (${7}^{\text{th}}$) | K (${11}^{\text{th}}$) | +1 Position | L (${12}^{\text{th}}$) | GL |
Revision Table: Letter Analogies Concepts
Here's a quick summary of key points when tackling letter analogies:
- Identify if the pattern is based on letter positions, skipping letters, reverse alphabet order, or a combination.
- Examine the relationship between the first letters of the pair, then the second letters, and so on.
- Apply the consistent pattern found in the first pair to the third term.
Additional Information: Exploring Letter Series and Patterns
Letter series and analogies are common in reasoning sections of various tests. Patterns can be simple or complex and may involve:
- Positional Shifts: Moving a fixed number of steps forward or backward in the alphabet.
- Alternating Patterns: Different rules applied to alternate letters or positions.
- Skipping Letters: A specific number of letters are skipped between consecutive terms.
- Reverse Alphabet: Using the alphabet in reverse order (Z, Y, X, ...).
- Vowel/Consonant Patterns: Based on the type of letter.
- Combinations: A mix of different types of patterns.
Practicing different types of letter-based questions helps in quickly identifying the underlying logic.
Important Questions from Letter Based
Select the related letters from the given alternatives:
JOKE : GLHB : : RISK : ?Select the related letters from the given alternatives:
MAN : PDQ : : WAN : ?In the following question, select the related letter/letters from the given alternatives.
PAL : RDP ∷ MRF : ?In the following question, select the related letter/letters from the given alternatives.
ACE : KMO : : BDF : ?Select the option that is related to the third term in the same way as the second term is related to the first term.
JMP : HON :: ADG : ?
