Select the option that is related to the third term in the same way as the second term is related to the first term.
QZHNRMV
Understanding Letter Analogies
Letter analogy questions test your ability to identify the relationship between a pair of letters or words and apply that same relationship to a new term. In this question, we need to find the pattern connecting 'FLOWER' and 'UOLDVI' and then use that pattern to find the term related to 'JASMINE'.
Identifying the Pattern: FLOWER and UOLDVI
Let's look at the letters in FLOWER and their corresponding letters in UOLDVI. We can analyze their positions in the English alphabet (A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26).
| FLOWER | Position | UOLDVI | Position | Relationship |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | 6 | U | 21 | $6 + 21 = 27$ |
| L | 12 | O | 15 | $12 + 15 = 27$ |
| O | 15 | L | 12 | $15 + 12 = 27$ |
| W | 23 | D | 4 | $23 + 4 = 27$ |
| E | 5 | V | 22 | $5 + 22 = 27$ |
| R | 18 | I | 9 | $18 + 9 = 27$ |
Observing the positions, we see that the sum of the position numbers of each letter in 'FLOWER' and its corresponding letter in 'UOLDVI' is 27. This indicates that each letter is replaced by its 'opposite' letter in the alphabet. The opposite letter is the one that is as many positions away from the end of the alphabet as the original letter is from the beginning.
Applying the Pattern to JASMINE
Now, we apply the same 'opposite letter' rule to each letter in 'JASMINE'.
| JASMINE | Position | Calculation (27 - Position) | Opposite Letter Position | Opposite Letter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| J | 10 | $27 - 10$ | 17 | Q |
| A | 1 | $27 - 1$ | 26 | Z |
| S | 19 | $27 - 19$ | 8 | H |
| M | 13 | $27 - 13$ | 14 | N |
| I | 9 | $27 - 9$ | 18 | R |
| N | 14 | $27 - 14$ | 13 | M |
| E | 5 | $27 - 5$ | 22 | V |
By replacing each letter in 'JASMINE' with its opposite letter, we get the term QZHNRMV.
Comparing with Options
Let's compare our derived term QZHNRMV with the given options:
- QZGNRMV (Incorrect - third letter G instead of H)
- QZHMRNV (Incorrect - fifth letter M instead of R, sixth letter N instead of M)
- QAHNRMV (Incorrect - second letter A instead of Z)
- QZHNRMV (Matches our derived term)
Therefore, the correct option is QZHNRMV.
Revision Table: Key Concepts
| Concept | Description | Application in Problem |
|---|---|---|
| Letter Analogy | Finding the relationship between two terms and applying it to a third term. | Used to solve FLOWER : UOLDVI :: JASMINE : ? |
| Alphabetical Position | Assigning a number to each letter based on its order in the alphabet (A=1, ..., Z=26). | Used to identify the 'opposite letter' pattern. |
| Opposite Letters | Pairs of letters whose positions sum to 27 (e.g., A & Z, B & Y, C & X, ... M & N). | The specific pattern found between FLOWER and UOLDVI. |
Additional Information: Solving Coding-Decoding
Coding-decoding questions, including letter analogies, are common in competitive exams. They test your logical reasoning and pattern recognition skills. Here are some common patterns to look out for:
- Letter Shifting: Each letter is shifted forward or backward by a fixed number of positions.
- Reverse Order: The letters of the word are simply written in reverse order.
- Opposite Letters: Each letter is replaced by its opposite letter (as seen in this problem).
- Vowel/Consonant Changes: Vowels or consonants follow a different rule.
- Mixed Patterns: A combination of the above rules applied to different letters or positions.
Practicing various types of coding-decoding problems helps you quickly identify the pattern during the exam.
Important Questions from Coding By Analogy
If ‘black’ is called ‘red’, ‘red’ is called ‘white’, ‘white’ is called ‘brown’, ‘brown’ is called ‘yellow’, ‘yellow’ is called ‘blue’ and ‘blue’ is called ‘green’, then what is the colour of blood?
In a certain code language, if Delhi is called Mumbai, Mumbai is called Jaipur, Jaipur is called Durgapur, Durgapur is called Chandigarh, and Chandigarh is called Jodhpur, then which city is the capital of Rajasthan?
If ‘book’ is a table, ‘table’ is a ‘fan’, ‘fan’ is a ‘chair’ and ‘chair’ is a ‘pencil’, on which of the following will a person sit?
If banana is apple, apple is grapes, grapes is litchi, litchi is nuts, nuts is guava, which of the following is a yellow fruit?
In a code language, monkey is called lion, lion is called tiger, tiger is called elephant, and elephant is called bison. Then, as per the words used in that code language, which one of the following will have black and yellow stripes over its body?
